Temple of Aboo-Simbel. This and a smaller temple near it are among the most interesting objects in Egypt. They were hewn out of the solid rock. The great temple is remarkable for its magnificent colossi, the most beautiful in Egypt. They are 66 feet in height, and represent Rameses the Great. The façade of the temple is about 100 feet high. Within are eight Osirides precisely alike, all carrying the crozier and flagellum. There are eight rooms opening into the large hall, the walls of which are covered with sculptures representing the offerings to the gods. In the adytum are figures of four gods. The warlike deeds of Rameses are represented on the walls as offerings to the gods. See LADY OF ABOSHEK.

"Nothing more interesting than these temples is to be found beyond the limits of Thebes. . . . The faces of Rameses outside (precisely alike) are placid and cheerful,- full of moral grace; but the eight Osirides within (precisely alike, too) are more. They are full of soul." Miss Martineau.

This is the shrine of Silence, sunk and hewn

Deep in the solid rock: its pillars rise From floor to roof, like giants, with fixed

Sit at the portal, gazing, night and day, O'er the lone desert, stretching far away, And on the eternal flood of Father Nile. J. B. Norton. Temple of Antoninus and Faustina. A temple erected by the Senate to the memory of Antoninus Pius and his wife Faustina, in the Forum at Rome. It is now in ruins.

Temple of Apollo [at Delphi]. The site of this structure is now regarded as definitely determined, from the discovery of what are thought to be, in all probability, the foundations of the temple.

The temple of Apollo was reckoned one of the largest and most beautiful in Greece; having been burnt in 548 B.C, it was rebuilt by the Alcmæonidæ. The "Ion " of Euripides contains an interesting record of the ornaments with which it was decorated. Here was the oracular chasm with the issuing vapor, which moved the destiny of empires; here, too, was the elliptical stone looked upon as the centre of the earth.

Temple of Apollo. A striking and picturesque ruin at Tivoli, in the neighborhood of Rome.

Temple of Apollo Epicurius. One of the finest and best-preserved temples in Greece, built, in a place which was called Bassæ, in the time of the Peloponnesian War, by Ictinus, who was also one of the architects of the Parthenon. It was dedicated to Apollo Epicurius (the Helper) in gratitude for the relief afforded by Apollo during a plague. Pausanias speaks of the harmony of construction, and beauty of the stone, of this temple as surpassing all works of the same kind in the Peloponnesus.

"Such is the seclusion in which the Temple of Bassæ stands, that for many ages its very existence was either unknown or forgotten. Like the temples at Pæstum in this respect, it was not till after the middle of the eighteenth century that this, the most beautiful and most perfect of all the remains of Greek architecture in the Peloponnesus, was discovered in nearly the same state as when visited more than a thousand years before by Pausanias." C. Wordsworth. Temple of Belus. See BIRS NIMROOD.

Temple of Bubastis. This magnificent temple at the town of the same name in Egypt is not now standing. It was built of the finest red granite. The name Bubastis is derived from the goddess Pasht, to whom this temple was dedicated. Herodotus describes the temple as forming a peninsula, surrounded by water (two canals from the Nile) on all sides except

the one by which you enter, and as being situated in a low space in the centre of the town, from which you could look down upon it; the town having been raised, while the temple retained its original level.

"Other temples may be grander, and may have cost more in the building, but there is none so pleasant to the eye as this of Bubastis."" Herodotus.

Temple of Castor and Pollux. An ancient temple in Rome, of which three columns only are now standing. This ruin has also been designated by various other

names.

Temple of Denderah. This temple of the Nile, though not of the remotest antiquity, is interesting and imposing. It was built by the Cæsars, and bears the names of Tiberius (in whose reign the inscription was made), Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. It also bears upon its walls portraits of Cleopatra and her son Neo-Cæsar. It is in better preservation than most of the Egyptian ruins.

"The building of the temple of Denderah was begun in the reign of the eleventh Ptolemy, and completed in that of the Emperor Tiberius; but the sculptures and decorations were not finished till the time of Nero."

Murray's Handbook.

"Of the temple of Dendara I will say nothing. The oldest names it bears are those of Cleopatra and her son Cæsarion; and it has not therefore the interest of antiquity; while its beauty is of the same kind as that of the Isna temple. At Dendara, as at Isna, the Pasha has caused the building to be cleaned out; for which the world is obliged to him: and it would have been more so, if he had not run a mud. brick wall directly up against the middle of the front; so that no complete view of the portico can be had from any point." Miss Martineau.

What yonder rises? 'Tis Tentyra's fane, That stands like some dark giant, on the plain;

Rival of Karnak, Edfou, stern and tone,
It looks to Heaven, its founder, date, un-
known.
Nicholas Michell.

Or, lodged by an Arab guide, ventured to
render a
General view of the ruins at Denderah.

Lowell.

Temple of Diana. An interesting Roman temple at Nîmes, France.

"Throughout this building the details of the architecture are unsurpassed for variety and elegance by any thing found in the metropolis, and are here applied with a freedom and ele. gance bespeaking the presence of a Grecian mind, even in this remote corner of the empire." Fergusson.

Temple of Ephesus. A famous temple of Artemis, or Diana, in ancient Ephesus, Asia Minor. The original temple, erected in the sixth century B.C., was intentionally burned by Herostratus, with a view to gaining notoriety, on the same day on which Alexander the Great was born, B.C. 356. The new temple, which occupied more than two centuries in building, was one of the largest and most gorgeous of all those erected by the Greeks, and was regarded one of the wonders of the world. Scanty remains of it still exist.

"According to Pindarus, the first temple of Ephesus was built by the Amazons at the time when they made war upon Theseus. Strabo attributes it to the architect Ctesiphon. After Erostratus burnt it in 356 B.C., says Strabo, the gifts brought from all parts, the donations of pious women, the presents of the colonies, and the valuable arti. cles deposited by the kings in the an cient sanctuary, enabled the people to rebuild the temple on a still more mag. nificent scale. All Asia joined in the undertaking, and the structure took no less than 220 years to raise. It was placed on a marshy soil to insure it against earthquakes, and in order to obtain sufficiently strong foundations for such a considerable mass, a bed of ground carbon was laid down, and a bed of wool above that. The entire temple was 425 feet long and 220 feet wide. ... In the thirteenth century A.D., the Persians first, and afterwards the Scythians, pillaged and burnt the temple of Ephesus. What of destruction was left unaccomplished by these was completed by the Goths and Mahomet the Great." Lefevre, Tr. Donald. "Strange to say, till very recently even its situation was unknown; and even now that it has been revealed by the energy and intelligence of Mr. Wood, scarcely enough remains to ena ble him to restore the plan with any

thing like certainty. This is the more remarkable, as it was found buried under seventeen or twenty feet of mud, which must have been the accumula tion of centuries, and might, one would have thought, have preserved consider. able portions of it from the spoiler." Fergusson.

Temple of Fortuna Virilis. A very ancient building in Rome, supposed to date back to the times of the Republic, which has undergone many restorations,

and is now a Christian church. Temple of Glory. A celebrated picture by Anton Rafael Mengs (1728-1779). In Madrid, Spain. Temple of Greenan. A singular pile of ruined buildings of very great antiquity, near Derry, Ireland. By some it is thought to have been a temple for sunworship, by others à royal residence.

"To the casual observer, the first appearance of the edifice is that of a truncated cairn of extraordinary dimensions; but on inspection it will be found to be a building constructed with every attention to masonic regularity. In the centre are the remains of the altar, or place of sacrifice. The stones of which the building is formed are of the common gray schistus, but evidently selected with care, and, considering their exposure to the Atlantic storms for so many centuries, the decomposi tion is wonderfully small."

Dublin Penny Journal.

See HEROD'S

Temple of Herod. TEMPLE. Temple of Isis [at Philæ]. This is the principal temple at Philæ, and of great interest. It was built by the Ptolemies, though many of the sculptures are of the time of the Roman Emperors. It contains among its many objects of interest ten colossal columns, completely covered with sculptures in a variety of brilliant and beautiful colors, all of which are not merely ornamental, but also emblematic.

"No Gothic architect in his

wildest moments ever played so freely with his lines and dimensions, and none, it must be added, ever produced any thing so beautifully picturesque as

this. It contains all the play of light and shade, all the variety of Gothic art, with the massiveness and grandeur of the Egyptian style; and as it is still tolerably entire, and retains much of its color, there is no building out of Thebes that gives so favorable an im pression of Egyptian art as this. It is true, it is far less sublime than many, but hardly one can be quoted as more beautiful." Fergusson.

Temple of Isna. A vast and celebrated temple at Isna, on the left bank of the Nile, in Upper Egypt, not far from Thebes.

"I think I had better say little of Isna, whose temple is so universally praised that every one knows all about it. Those have heard of it who are ignorant of almost every thing else about Egypt. If it were ancient, I could not refrain from giving my im. pressions of it; but the only relic of the old edifice supposed to exist is a small red door jamb bearing date in the time of Thothmes I., mentioned by Champollion. The portico bears the names of the Cæsars; and, however greatly the world is obliged to them for erecting a very majestic and elegant temple, we are not aided by it in our researches into the affairs of the old Egyptians. . . . If I were to enlarge on any thing in regard to this temple, it would be the amount of inscriptions. But it is indescribable, unrememberable, incredible anywhere but on the spot. I have already said all that language can say on this point; and I will leave it." Miss Martineau.

the remains of this temple; but they have been the subject of much antiquarian dispute. Temple of Kalabsheh. This temple was the largest in Nubia, and is a magnificent ruin. It was built by the Cæsars, of stones which had belonged to an older edifice. Its interest lies mainly in its vastness, and the remarkable preservation of its coloring. Temple of Karnak. One of the most imposing and best-preserved temples in Egypt. It stands on the east bank of the Nile, amid the ruins of Thebes. It occupies an area of nine acres, which is covered with gigantic columns, courts, and avenues of sphinxes.

"The palace temple at Karnak --perhaps the noblest effort of architectural magnificence ever produced by the hand of man. Its principal dimensions are 1,200 feet in length by about 360 in width; and it covers, therefore, about 430,000 square feet, or nearly twice the area of St. Peter's at Rome, and more than four times that of any mediæval cathedral existing. This, however, is not a fair way of estimating its dimensions; for our churches are buildings entirely under one roof, but at Karnak a considerable portion of the area was uncovered by any buildings, so that no such comparison is just. The great hypostyle hall, however, is internally 340 feet by 170, and with its two pilons, it covers more than 88,000 square feet, a greater area than the cathedral of Cologne, the largest of all our Northern cathedrals; and when we consider that this is only a part of the great whole, we may fairly assert that the entire structure is among the lar. gest, as it undoubtedly is one of the most beautiful, buildings in the world." Fergusson,

"The earliest name found on any of the buildings of the Great Tem. ple is that of Osirtasen I., and the latest that of Alexander II."

Murray's Handbook.

Who would not feel and satisfy this want, Watching, as I, in Karnak's roofless halls,

Subnuvolar lights of evening sharply slant

walls?

Through pillared masses and on wasted Lord Houghton. Here let me sit in Karnak's gorgeous hall, Firm as when reared each massy pictured Nicholas Michell.

wall.

Temple of Luxor. A palace-tem

Temple of Mars Ultor. [Mars the Revenger.] An ancient Roman temple, of which only a few beautiful pillars now remain. Temple of Minerva [at Egina.] One of the oldest temples in Greece, formerly thought to have been a temple of Zeus Panhellenius, probably built in the sixth century B.C. It is now in ruins. Some of the sculptures of the pediment are now preserved at Munich, Bavaria. Of these there are casts in the British Museum.

Temple of Minerva Medica. An interesting ruin in Rome. It is now thought to be misnamed.

"It [this temple] commonly goes by the name of the Temple of Minerva Medica, though this is certainly a misnomer. Recently it has become the fashion to assume that this was the hall of some bath; no building of that class, however, was known to exist in that neighborhood. It certainly belongs to the last days of the Roman empire, if, indeed, it be not a Christian building, which I am very much inclined to believe it is. Taking it altogether, the building is certainly, both as concerns construction and proportion, by far the most scientific of all those in ancient Rome, and in these respects as far superior to the Pantheon, as it is inferior to that temple in size. Indeed, there are few inventions of the Middle Ages that are not attempted here; so much so, indeed, that I cannot help believing it is much more modern than is generally supposed." Fergusson.

Temple of Neptune. A famous ruined temple at Pæstum in Southern Italy, regarded as the