Temple of the Sun.

A ruined

temple at Ba'albek, in Syria, and the most perfect of the existing remains in that country. It was considerably larger than the Parthenon at Athens. The most interesting portion of the building at present remaining is the Great Gateway, 42 feet in height by 20 feet in width. What was left of this temple was much injured by the earthquake of 1759, which threw down many of the columns. [Also called the Temple of Jupiter and Temple of Apollo.] Temple of the Sun. A ruined temple in Palmyra, Northern Palestine, and one of the finest ruins in Syria. About 100 columns are still standing.

Temple of the Wingless Victory. A small but very beautiful temple at Athens, Greece, " only 27 feet long, 18 feet broad, and, from the lowest step to the top of the pediment, not more than 23 feet high." This temple of Nixy aπтepos had entirely disappeared a century ago, but in 1835 its fraginents were discovered and skilfully restored to their original places. It is not mentioned among the works of Pericles, and is thought to have been built by Cimon.

"The little temple [of Nike Apteros, or Wingless Victory] is a jewel of a structure, not half so large as that of Vesta at Rome, and consists only of a cella with four Ionic columns at each end. Nevertheless it lightens wonderfully the heavy masses of masonry against which it stands."

Bayard Taylor. Temple of Vespasian. An old Roman temple, of which a few fragments, in the shape of three beautiful columns, are still standing in the Forum. This ruin was formerly called the Temple of Jupiter Tonans.

Temple of Vesta. A celebrated

Roman temple, of a circular form, standing on the banks of the Tiber, near where the Cloaca Maxima empties into the river. By some antiquaries this temple is thought to be misnamed. It is

surrounded by a row of marble columns nineteen in number. In place of the entablature, which has fallen, a roof of red tiles is laid directly upon the capitals of the columns.

"It is a pretty toy of a building; too small-to borrow an expression of Horace Walpole's-to live in, and too large to hang at one's watchchain. Its form and features are multiplied in an immense progeny of bronze models and inkstands to which it has given birth." Hillard.

"The picture of this perfect temple and the beautiful purpose of its consecration have always been prominent in my imaginary Rome. It is worthy of its association - an exqui. site round temple, with its simple circle of columns from the base to the roof, a faultless thing in proportion, and as light and floating to the eye as if the wind might lift it. It needed not the heavenly moonlight that broke across its columns to make it a very shrine of fancy." N. P. Willis.

Temptation of Christ. A picture by Ary Scheffer (1795-1858). Temptation of St. Anthony. 1. A picture by Joachim Patenier (d. 1548?), the Flemish painter, and one of his masterpieces. It is now at Madrid, and there is also a copy of it in the Museum of Berlin, Prussia.

2. A picture by David Teniers the Younger (1610-1694). In the Museum at Berlin, Prussia.

Ten Thousand Saints. See MARTYRDOM OF THE TEN THOUSAND SAINTS.

Tenebrario. A famous and beautiful candlestick of bronze, modelled after Solomon's Temple, in the cathedral of Seville, Spain. It was executed by Bartolomé Morel, who lived in the reign of Philip II.

Tennessee, The. A noted Confederate iron-clad ram, taken in the harbor of Mobile, Ala., Aug. 5, 1864, by Admiral Farragut's fleet.

"Admiral Farragut believed the fierce combat was ended; for, as darkness closed in, the forts were silent. He was mistaken. Just before nine o'clock the Tennessee came down under a full head of steam, and made

directly for the Hartford. All the national vessels were immediately sig nalled to close in upon and destroy the monster. It was not an easy task, for it appeared absolutely invulnerable for several hours. The Monongahela first struck it a blow square in the side, and fired an eleven-inch shot upon it with very little effect. The Lancaster, running at full speed, struck the 'ram,' and crushed in her own stem. Now the Hartford tried her powers upon the sea-giant. She gave the Tennessee a glancing blow and a broadside of teninch shells at a few feet distance.. Thus beset and badly crippled, the Tennessee struck her colors, and becamo Farragut's prisoner after fighting all night and until ten o'clock in the morning. Her commander was badly wounded, and six of her crew were killed." Lossing.

Tenterden Steeple. A church in Tenterden, Kent, England, which has acquired notoriety from a supposed connection between it and the formation of the dangerous shoal known as the Goodwin Sands; the tradition being that the money which should have been used to maintain the seawall was diverted to the building of the church.

"Mr. Moore was once sent in commission into Kent, to help to try out (if it might be) what was the cause of Goodwin Sands, and the shelf that stopped up Sandwich haven. Thither cometh Mr. Moore, and calleth the country afore him; such as were thought to be men of experience, and men that could, of likelihood, best certify him of that matter, concerning the stopping of Sandwich haven. Among others, came in before him an old man, with a white head; and one that was thought to be little less than an hundred years old. When Mr. Moore saw this aged man, he thought it expedient to hear him say his mind in this matter; for, being so old a man, it was likely that he knew most of any man in that presence and company. So Mr. Moore called this old man unto him, and said, Father,' said he, tell me, if you can, what is the cause of this arising of the sands and shelves here about this haven; the which stop it up that no ships can arrive here; ye are the eldest man that I can espy in all this company; so that if any man can tell any cause of it, ye of likelihood can say most in it; or, at least wise, more than any other man assembled.' -'Yea, forsooth, good master,' quoth this old man, for I am

well nigh an hundred years old; and no man here in this company any thing near unto mine age.'- Well, then,' quoth Mr. Moore, how say you in this matter? what think ye to be the cause of these shelves and flats that stop up Sandwich haven?'-'Forsooth, say ye,' quoth he, I am an old man; I think that Tenterden Steeple is the cause of Goodwin Sands; for I am an old man,' quoth he; and I may remember the building of Tenterden Steeple, and I may remember when there was no steeple at all there; and before that Tenterden Steeple was in building, there was no manner of speaking of any flats or sands that stopped the haven; and, therefore, I think that Tenterden Steeple is the cause of the destroying and decay of Sandwich haven.' And even so to my purpose is preaching of God's word the cause of rebellion, as Tenterden Steeple was the cause that Sand. wich haven is decayed."

Bishop Latimer, Sermons. Thus, however, it was that Tenterden Steeple brought an influx of the Atlantic on us, and so Godwin Sands. Carlyle.

Terrace, The. An imposing pile of architecture in Central Park, New York, comprising corridors and stairways, and broad avenues adorned with statuary.

Terrapin Tower. An observatory which formerly stood on a little isle at Niagara, and afforded a fine view of the falls. It was destroyed in 1873.

"I do not quite approve of that tower, seeing that it has about it a gingerbread air. Nevertheless the tower is worth mounting. Here the mystery is lost, but the whole fall is seen."

Anthony Trollope. Terror, The. An Arctic exploring vessel which sailed from England in company with the Erebus, under Sir John Franklin, in May, 1845, and never returned. See EREBUS.

Testaccio, Monte. See MONTE TESTACCIO.

Thames Embankments. A series of great improvements effected in London since 1850, consisting of stone embankments on both the north and the south side of the Thames, by which many acres that were formerly mud-banks have been reclaimed, roads a hundred feet wide constructed,

with landing-stages from the river-steamers, the interior being laid out in ornamental gardens forming a pleasant promenade. The Victoria embankment, on the north side of the river, was opened in 1870. The Albert, on the opposite side, was opened in 1869.

Thames Street. A well-known street in London, extending from Blackfriars to the Tower. Thames Tunnel. A brick arched double roadway under the river Thames at London, executed by Brunel at a cost of £614,000. It was opened to the public March 25, 1843. Since 1865 it has been used for a railway-tunnel by the East London Railway Company. Thatched House. This celebrated tavern in St. James's Street, London, is no longer standing. For about two centuries it was noted for its club meetings and its dinners. As late as 1860 more than 25 societies and clubs were entertained at the Thatched House. Part of its site is now occupied by the house of the Civil Service Club.

Was it never thy hard fortune, good reader, to attend any meeting convened for public purposes; any Bible Society, Reform. Conservative, Thatched-Tavern, Hogg-Dinner, or other such meeting?

Carlyle.

Thavies Inn. Formerly an inn of court in London, and one of the oldest. It was destroyed by fire towards the close of the last century.

According to Mr. Guppy in Dickens's novel of Bleak House," it was "round the corner" from Lincoln's Inn. "We just twist up Chancery Lane, an' cut along Holborn, and there we are in four minutes' time as near as a toucher."

Théâtre Français. A theatre in Paris, Rue Richelieu, on the south-west side of the Palais Royal. Here are acted the regular French dramas, the modern as well as the more classic productions of Molière, Racine, Corneille, and others. Richelieu built the Théâtre du Palais Royal, upon the site of which the present house was erected in

1787. Molière was manager from 1658 till his death in 1673.

Théâtre Lyrique. A recent theatre in Paris, on the Place du Châtelet, devoted to the lyric drama and operas.

Twice a week he goes to the theatre; he prefers the Palais-Royal: perhaps twice more he takes upon his arm one of the figurantes of the Théâtre Lyrique. Taine, Trans. Theatre of Marcellus. An interesting ruin in Rome, of which only a few arches now remain. The building is supposed to have been capable of holding 20,000 spectators. It was a fortress in the Middle Ages, and subsequently passed into the possession of the Orsini family.

Theobalds. A palace in the parish of Chishurst, near London, formerly the residence of Sir William Cecil (Lord Burleigh). It passed into possession of the Stuart kings, who often resided here. The building is described as one of great magnificence, but has now entirely disappeared. Theodore's, St., Column. See ST. THEODORE'S COLUMN. Theodoric's Palace. 1. A celebrated ruin in Ravenna, Italy, the old residence of the Gothic king. This palace was despoiled of many of its treasures by Charlemagne.

2. Well-known and picturesque ruins at Terracina, on the route between Rome and Naples, Italy. Theodoric's Tomb. An interesting and celebrated sepulchral monument, of a circular form, built by the Gothie king Theodoric, and standing in the midst of a plain near Ravenna, Italy. Theology. See DISPUTE OF THE SACRAMENT.

Theresa, St. See ST. THERESA. Therme. See BATHS. Thermes, Palais des. See PALAIS DES THERMES. Theseum. A monumental temple in Athens, Greece, finished about 465 B.C., and built to receive the

"It is a memorial at the same time of the hero's friend Heracles, and of the alliance between the cities which the two represent, Athens and Argos. Very appropriately this temple is now occupied as a museum of relics of ancient Greek art." T. Chase.

...

"The oldest temple of this class [the Doric temples built in the forty or fifty years which succeeded the defeat of the Persians at Salamis] is that best known as the Theseium or Temple of Theseus, at Athens, though it is nearly certain that it ought more properly to be considered the temple of the god Mars. It constitutes a link between the archaic and the perfect age of Grecian art; more perfect than the tempie at Egina or any that preceded it, but falling short of the perfection of the Parthenon, its near neighbor both in locality and in date." Fergusson.

"This edifice, the best preserved of all ancient temples, stands on a mound at the foot of the Areopagus, on its western side, overlooking a part of the modern city. Its outer colon

nade of Doric pillars, tinted with a rich golden stain, is entire; the cella is for the most part so, and little but the roof is wanting. It is small, but very beautiful, and with such a background! -the olive-groves of the Academy, Colonos, and Parnes." Bayard Taylor. Theseus. An ancient Greek statue. Now in the British Museum, London.

"The Apollo Belvedere as compared with the Theseus in the British Museum-perhaps the best work now left to us of the best period of Grecian art is like Dryden's Alexander's Feast as compared with Milton's Ode on the Nativity. The latter is the production of the greater genius, but nine readers out of ten will prefer the former." Hillard.

Thetis bearing the Armor of Achilles. A noted picture by François Gérard (1770-1837), the eminent French painter. Thiergarten. An extensive public park adjacent to the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Prussia.

Thomas à Becket. See CONSECRA

TION OF THOMAS À BECKET and SHRINE OF THOMAS À BECKET. Thomas d'Aquin, St. See ST. THOMAS D'AQUIN.

Thomas's Hospital, St. See ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL.

Thornbury Castle. An ancient castellated mansion of historical interest, begun by the Duke of Buckingham in the reign of Henry VIII. It is in the town of the same name in Gloucestershire, England.

Threadneedle Street. [Or Threeneedle Street.] A street in London said to derive its name from three needles, the sign on the shield of the Needle-makers' Company's arms. The Bank of England is situated in this street, and is sometimes referred to as the "Old Lady of Threadneedle Street."

Contrive to talk well, you will get to heaven, the modern heaven of the English. Do not talk well, only work well, and heroic: lly hold your peace, you have no chance whatever to get thither: with your utmost industry you may get to Threadneedle Street, and accumulate more gold than a dray-horse can draw.

Carlyle.

Newes from Bartholomew Fayre. Three Fates. A remarkable picture usually ascribed to Michael Angelo, but the correctness of this ascription is doubted. In the Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Italy.

"In the Pitti Palace, a picture of the Three Fates is ascribed to Michael Angelo. It was executed, however, by Rosso Fiorentino." Kugler.

"Michael Angelo's Fates are three very grim and pitiless old women, who respectively spin, hold, and cut the thread of human destiny, all in a mood of sombre gloom, but with no more sympathy than if they had nothing to do with us. I remember seeing an etching of this when I was a child, and being struck even then with the terrible, stern, passionless severity, neither loving nor hating us, that characterizes these ugly old women.. They are a great work, containing and representing the very idea that makes a belief in fate such a cold torture to the human soul."

Hawthorne.

Three Kings of Cologne, Shrine of. See SHRINE.

Three Marys. A well-known picture by Annibale Caracci (15601609), "of singular grandeur and pathos." It is now at Castle Howard, England.

Three Moors. See DREI MOHREN. Three Sisters. Romantic islets at

Niagara Falls, from which is obtained the best view of the rapids at their widest and most disturbed part. "The Three Sisters are mere fragments of wilderness, clumps of vine-tangled woods, planted upon masses of rock; but they are parts of the fascination of Niagara which no one resists." Three Trees. A celebrated picture by Paul Rembrandt van Ryn (1606-1669). It is known through reproductions.

And ye Three Trees of Rembrandt, black in shadow against the blaze of sunlight; and thou Rosy Cottager of Sir Joshua,thy roses hinted by the peppery burin of Bartolozzi; ye, too, of lower grades in nature, yet not unlovely nor unrenowned, Young Bull of Paulus Potter, and Sleeping Cat of Cornelius Visscher: welcome once more to my eyes! Holmes.

Thule. See ULTIMA THULE.

Thunder, Castle. See CASTLE THUNDER.

Thunderbolt. A beautiful pleasure-ground on the Warsaw River, near Savannah, Ga. Thuron.

A picturesque ivy-clad ruined castle on the Moselle, in Rhenish Prussia. The fortress was built in 1209.

CONDEROGA.

Three Graces. A group in one of the frescos in the Farnesina, Rome, executed wholly or in part by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). Three Graces. A well-known picture by Giacomo Palina, called Il Vecchio (1480?-1548?). This picture is said to represent the painter's daughters. It is in the Gallery at Dresden, Germany.

A ruined castle in Tiffagnes. France, between Nantes and Poitiers. It is said to have been one of the haunts of the famous Gilles de Retz, the "Blue Beard of the Loire." Tigellum Sororis. [The Sister's Beam.] A name given to a structure, in the form of a yoke, in ancient Rome, erected to commemorate the legend of the last of the Horatii, who, being sentenced to death for the murder of his sister,