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C.

Ca' Doro. One of the most beautiful palaces in Venice, Italy. It was built in the fifteenth century, and is so named after its ancient the Doro family. owners, Caaba. A Mohammedan temple at Mecca, Arabia. It contains a small oratory within which is a black stone held sacred by all Mussulmans. [Written also Kaabah.] See BLACK STONE.

"Neither its ordonnance, nor, so far as we can understand, its details, render the temple an object of much architectural magnificence. Even in size it is surpassed by many, and is less than its great rival, the great temple of Jerusalem, which was 600 feet square. Still it is interesting, as it is in reality the one temple of the Moslem world; for though many mosques are now reputed sacred, and as such studiously guarded against profanation, this pretended sanctity is evidently a prejudice borrowed from other religions, and is no part of the doctrine of the Moslem faith, which, like the Jewish, points to one only temple as the place where the people should worship, and towards which they should turn in prayer." Fergusson.

"The celebrated Kaabah at Mecca, to which all the Moslem world

now bow in prayer, is probably a third [fire-temple of the ancient Persians]." Fergusson.

"A curious object, that Caabah! There it stands at this hour, in the black cloth-covering the Sultan sends it yearly; 27 cubits high;' with circuit, with double circuit of pillars, with festoon-rows of lamps and quaint ornaments: the lamps will be lighted again this night, to glitter again under the stars. An authentic fragment of the oldest Past. It is the Keblah of all Moslem: from Delhi all onwards to Morocco, the eyes of innumerable pray. ing men are turned towards it, five times, this day and all days: one of the notablest centres in the Habitation of Men. Carlyle.

They.. measure with an English footrule every cell of the Inquisition, every Turkish caaba, every Holy of holies.

Emerson.

To the traveller imbued with a feeling for the historical and poetical, so inseparably intertwined in the annals of romantic Spain, the Alhambra is as much an object of devotion as is the Caaba to all true Moslems. Irving.

Cadzow Castle. A ruined baronial mansion in Scotland, near Hamilton, and the ancient seat of the family of that name. Sir Walter Scott has a ballad entitled "Cadzow Castle."

Caerlaverock Castle. An ancient and noted feudal fortress near Dumfries, Scotland, the former seat of the Maxwells, celebrated for its siege by King Edward I. of England, and for the brave resistance made by its garrison. This castle suggested to Scott his description of Ellengowan. Cæsar. See CLEOPATRA AND CESAR, DEATH OF JULIUS CESAR, TRIUMPHS OF JULIUS CÆSAR.

Cæsar Borgia. A portrait often ascribed to Raphael, and said to be the likeness of the Prince, in the Borghese gallery at Rome. It is now ascertained to be neither the work of the one nor the portrait of the other.

Cæsars, Palace of the. See PAL

ACE OF THE CÆSARS. Cæsar's Tower. A remarkable keep of immense size and impressive effect, at Kenilworth Castle, of which it forms a part. See KENILWORTH CASTLE.

Café (Caffè) Grecco. [The Greek Café. J A well-known café at Rome, in the Via Condotti, famous as the rendezvous of artists of all nations.

"In the morning we breakfast at the café Greco; this is a long, low, smoky apartment, not brilliant or attractive, but convenient: it appears to be like the rest throughout Italy."

Taine, Trans. Caffegiolo. A royal villa, the ancient residence of the Medicis,

about 15 miles from Florence, | Caledonian Forest. A remnant Italy.

Cagliari, The. A Sardinian steamer trading between Genoa and Tunis. She was seized by some Sicilian adventurers in June, 1857, who with her effected a landing on the territory of Naples. Afterwards the vessel was surrendered to the Neapolitans, who imprisoned with the crew two English engineers who were on board. The affair became a matter of diplomatic correspondence between England and Naples. Caiaphas' Palace. This name is applied to a building, now a convent, on Zion, which seems to have been built by the Armenians. The credulous see here the stone which closed the Saviour's sepulchre, the spot where Peter was standing when he denied his Master, and even the very stone upon which the cock roosted when he crew.

Caius Cestius, Pyramid of. See PYRAMID OF CAIUS CESTIUS. Caius College. A foundation of the University of Cambridge, England. The college was instituted in 1348.

Calais Pier. A noted picture by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851). In the National Gallery, London.

Calaveras Pines. A celebrated grove of mammoth pine-trees (Sequoia gigantea) in Calaveras County, California. Some of these are about 320 feet high and 30 feet in diameter. A similar grove, likewise much visited by tourists, is found in Mariposa County. These trees are believed to be over 2,300 years of age. By an act of Congress this grove was granted to the State of California on condition that it should be kept as a public domain. The grant was accepted, and the locality is now under the charge of commissioners.

Caledonia, The. An armor-plated ship of the British navy, launched Oct. 24, 1862.

of the ancient wood which once, under the name of the Caledonian Forest, covered the whole of southern Scotland, from sea to sea, still exists on the bank of the Avon near Hamilton. A few large oaks are all that is now left. California. A statue by Hiram Powers (1805-1873).

California Street. One of the principal streets in San Francisco, Cal., in which the chief banking offices are situated.

Caligula. A noted bronze bust of the Roman emperor Caligula, now in Turin, Italy. [Called also the Albertina Bronze.]

"One of the most precious portraits of antiquity, not only because it confirms the testimony of the green basalt in the Vatican, but also because it supplies an even more emphatic and impressive illustration to the narrative of Suetonius." J. A. Symonds.

Caligula's Palace and Bridge. A picture by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851), the English landscape-painter, and regarded one of his best works. In the National Gallery, London. Calisto. See DIANA AND CALISTO. See CATACOMB OF Calixtus, St.

ST. CALIXTUS.
Calling of St. Peter. See MIR-
ACULOUS DRAUGHT OF FISHES.
Calling of the Apostles. A fresco-
painting by Domenico Ghirlan-
dajo (1449-1498 ?). In the Sistine
Chapel, Rome.

Callirrhöe. The fountain — and
according to Pausanias the only
one which supplied sweet run-
ning water to Athens, Greece.
Also known as Enneacrunus, from
the nine pipes in which the water
was conveyed. A small spring
still called καλλιρρόη now issues
from a ridge of rock crossing the
bed of the Ilissus.
Calton Hill. A well-known emi-
nence in Edinburgh, Scotland,
crowned with monuments.
Calvary. A rock so called, now
within the Church of the Sepul-
chre, at Jerusalem. The Saviour

was crucified at a place known as Golgotha (Hebrew for "a skull "), the Latin equivalent for which is Calvaria, whence our English Cal

vary.

"It may be well to remind the reader that there are two errors implied in the popular expression Mount Calvary.' 1. There is in the Scriptural

narrative no mention of a mount or hill.

2. There is no such name as Calva. ry.' The passage from which the word is taken in Luke xxiii. 33, is merely the Latin translation (Calvaria') of what the Evangelist calls a skull, — κρανιον. A. P. Stanley. According to Mr. Bulwer, Glory is a Calvary on which the poet is crucified. Gustave Planche, Trans.

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Calves-Head Club. This club, “in ridicule of the memory of Charles I," consisting of Independents and Anabaptists, and formed in the times of the Revolution, was in existence as late as the eighth year of the reign of George II. They met annually, and dined upon calves' heads prepared in various ways, by which they represented the King and his friends. Their meetings were at length broken up by a mob.

Indeed, his [George Saville, Viscount Halifax] jests upon hereditary monarchy were sometimes such as would have better become a member of the Calf's Head Club than a privy councillor of the Stuarts.

Macaulay. Calvin's House. The house in which the Reformer lived from 1543 to 1564. It is situated in the Rue des Chanoines, Geneva, Switzerland.

Calydonian Boar. See CHACE OF THE CALYDONIAN BOAR. Camaldoli, Convent of. A celebrated monastic establishment at Camaldoli, Italy, founded near the beginning of the eleventh century.

"This monastery is secluded from the approach of woman, in a deep, narrow, woody dell. Its circuit of dead walls, built on the conventual plan, gives it an aspect of confinement and defence; yet this is considered as a privileged retreat, where the rule of the order relaxes its rigor, and no monks can reside but the sick or the superannuated, the dignitary or the steward, the apothecary or the beadturner. Forsyth.

Oh, joy for all, who hear her call
From gray Camaldoli ́s convent-wall,
And Elmo's towers to freedom's carnival!
Whither.

Cambiaso Palace. [Ital. Palazzo
Cambiaso.] A noted palace in
Genoa, Italy.
Cambio, Sala del. See SALA DEL
CAMBIO.

Cambridge House. A mansion in London, where Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, youngest son of George III., died in 1850. It was afterwards the town residence of Viscount Palmerston, and is now a Naval and Military Club House. Cambuskenneth Abbey. A ruined monastery in Scotland, near Alloa, founded in the twelfth century, and once the richest abbey in the kingdom.

Camden House. A mansion in London, built in 1612, and interesting from its historic associations connected with the young Duke of Gloucester, who lived here with his mother, Queen Anne. Camden House was burnt in 1862, and has since been rebuilt.

Back in the dark, by Brompton Park,
He turned up thro' the Gore,
And slunk to Campden-house so high.
All in his coach and four.

Swift. Camelot. A hill in what is now known as the parish of Queen's Camel, England, famous in the Arthurian legends.

Goose, if once I had thee upon Sarum plain,

I'd drive thee cackling home to Camelot. Shakespeare.

Camera della Segnatura. One of the four chambers known as the Stanze of Raphael, in the Vatican, Rome, because adorned with paintings by that master. Camere di Raffaello. See STANZE OF RAPHAEL.

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summer, owing to the miasmata which rise from it. Pliny speaks of the healthfulness and perennial salubrity of this now desolate region, which was once adorned with Roman villas and gardens. Pius VI. (1775-1799) drained a portion of this plain.

"Of all kinds of country that could, by possibility, lie outside the gates of Rome, this is the aptest and fittest burial-ground for the Dead City." Dickens.

"Over this region of the Campagna a light still hangs more beautiful than its golden mists or the purple shadows that lie upon its distant hills. The spirit of the past dwells here, and breathes over the landscape the consecrating gleams of valor, patriotism, and filial duty."

Hillard.

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No wreaths of sad Campagna's flowers Shall childhood in thy pathway fling; No garlands from their ravaged bowers

Shall Terni's maidens bring. Whittier. The priest, and the swart fisher by his side, Beheld the Eternal City lift its domes

And solemn fanes and monumental pomp Above the waste Campagna. Whittier. Campana Museum. An old Roman collection, now forming part of the Musée Napoleon III., in the Louvre, Paris. It was bought by the French Government in 1861. This museum contains a fine collection of antique statues, and is rich in jewels of gold and precious stones.

MHe. d'Estang had earrings like those in the Campana Museum, with emeralds. Taine, Trans.

Campanile. In Italy, the general name for the belfry or bell-tower of a church, usually in that country a separate building from the church itself. The more noted campaniles are those of Florence, Pisa, and Venice. See GIOTTO'S CAMPANILE, the LEANING TOWER, and ST. MARK'S CAMPANILE. Campbell. See CASTLE CAMP

BELL.

Campidoglio, Piazza del. See PIAZZA DEL CAMPIDOGLio.

Campo di Sangue. See FIELD OF BLOOD.

Campo Marzo. The modern Italian name of the ancient Campus Martius, or Field of Mars, a low irregular plain in the city of Rome, between the Corso and the Tiber, surrounded by the Pincian, Quirinal, Viminal, and Capitoline hills, including the principal portion of the modern city. See CAMPUS MARTIUS.

Campo Santo. [The Holy Field.] A celebrated cemetery in Pisa, Italy, adjoining the Cathedral and Baptistery. It was founded by Archbishop Ubaldo de' Lanfranchi, about the year 1200, who, retreating from Palestine, whence he had been expelled by Saladin, returned with 53 vessels laden with earth from Mount Calvary, which he deposited in this place. The present building was begun in 1278. It has given its name to every similar burial-place in Italy. It contains a museum of sepulchral monuments, and frescos of much celebrity.

"Giovanni Pisana, having been appointed to enclose the space with walls, designed and built the first, as well as the most beautiful, Campo Santo in Italy. Following the groundplan marked out by Archbishop Lanfranchi, Giovanni raised his outer walls without windows, and with only two doors looking towards the Duomo, that the frescos, with which they were to be covered on the inside, might be protected as far as possible from the injurious effect of the salt and damp seawinds. Between these outer walls,

which he decorated with arches and
pilasters, and the inner, directly con-
tiguous to the quadrangle, he made a
broad-roofed corridor paved with mar-
ble, lighted by Gothic windows and
four open doorways."
Perkins.

The Cemetere cal'd Campo Santo is
made of divers gally ladings of earth for-
merly brought from Jerusalem, said to be
of such a nature as to consume dead bod-
ies in forty hours. 'Tis cloistered with
marble arches.
John Evelyn, 1644.

Love, long remembering those she could
not save,

Here hung the cradle of Italian Art:
Faith rocked it: like a hermit child went
forth

From hence that power which beautified
the earth.

She perished when the world had lured
her heart

From her true friends, Religion and the
Grave.

Monumental marbles,
Time-clouded frescos, mouldering year
by year,

Dim cells in which all day the night-bird
warbles, -

These things are sorrowful elsewhere,
not here:

A mightier Power than Art's hath here
her shrine:

Stranger! thou tread'st the soil of Pal-
estine.
Aubrey de Vere.

Even the slumberers in the churchyard
of the Campo Santo se med
Scarce more quiet than the living world
that underneath us dreamed.

Campo Vaccino.

T. W. Parsons.

A signal example is the fine enthroned Madonna in the Campo Santo, who receives St. Rani ri when presented by St. Peter and St. Paul. Mrs. Jameson. [The Cow-Pasture.] The modern Italian name of the Forum Romanum, or Roman Forum, derived, it is supposed, from the greater part of the area having become, as far back as the fifteenth century, the resort of cattle, "a kind of Roman Smithfield;" but according to others the name is derived from one Vitruvius Vacco, who is said to have lived there. See FORUM ROMANUM.

1844, Nov. 7. We went into the Campo Vaccino by the ruins of the Temple of Peace built by Titus Vespasianus.

John Evelyn.

Campus Esquilinus. [Esquiline Field.] A burial-ground for the poor in ancient Rome. It now inakes a part of the grounds of the Villa Massimo.

CAN

Campus Martius. [Field of Mars.] 1. The ancient name of the irregular plain in the city of Rome surrounded by the Pincian, Quirinal, Viminal, and Capitoline hills, now including the principal portion of the modern city. This region did not come within the walls of ancient Rome, and it is thought that settlements were first made here during the Lombard invasion, when, the supply of water through the aqueducts having been cut off, the people were compelled to desert the hills and seek the plain below where they could use the water of the Tiber. The Pantheon and a few fragments of other structures are all that is now left of the buildings which were erected upon the Campus. Campo Marzo is the modern Italian name of the ancient Field of Mars.

-There of old

With arms and trophies gleamed the field
of Mars:

There to their daily sports the noble youth
rushed emulous.
John Dyer.

2. A large open square in Detroit, Mich.

Campus Sceleratus.

cursed Field.] A field in ancient
[The Ac-
Rome where unchaste virgins
were buried alive.

Cana, Marriage at.
RIAGE AT CANA.

See MAR

Canadian Fall. See HORSE-Shoe

FALL.

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A noted street in New Orleans, La. It has a breadth of nearly 200 feet, with a grass-plot 25 feet in width in the centre, extending the entire distance.

Canale Grande.
NAL.

See GRAND CA

A

Cancelleria, Palazzo della.
magnificent palace in Rome, com-
pleted in 1495, the official resi-
dence of the Vice-Chancellor.

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