Cane, Grotta del. See GROTTA modern street in London, leading out of St. Paul's Churchyard. Canon, The. A celebrated print by Albert Dürer (1471-1528) which is thought to be the first example of the art of etching. Cañon. See GRAND CAÑON OF THE YELLOWSTONE. Canonbury Tower. A building in London, formerly the resort and lodging-place of many literary men. Canongate. A noted street and the principal thoroughfare in the Old Town of Edinburgh, Scotland (bearing different names at other points of its course), and terminating at the rocky eminence on which stands the palace of Holyrood. Sir Walter Scott published two series of tales entitled "Chronicles of the Canongate." Strew'd were the streets around with milk-white reams, Flow'd all the Canongate with inky streams. Byron. Canons Park. A palatial residence built by the "Great Duke of Chandos," near Edgeware, England. It was a favorite resort of literary men, including Pope, who often alludes to it. The original building is no longer standing. Canopus, Decree of. See STONE OF SAN. Canterbury Cathedral. A magnificent cathedral at Canterbury, England. It was designed by Sir James Burrough, was begun in 1174, and finished in the reign of Henry V. It contains the shrine of Thomas à Becket, in former times a great resort of pilgrims. See SHRINE OF THOMAS À BECKET. And specially from every shire's ende Of Engle lond to Canterbury they wende. Chaucer. Cape Horn. A name given to a locality on the line of the Central Pacific Railroad, in California. "The bluffs at this point are so precipitous that when the railroad was inade the workmen had to be lowered down the face of the rock by ropes, and held on by men above, until they were enabled to blast for themselves a foothold on the side of the precipice." Samuel Smiles. Capella Borghese. [Borghese Chapel.] A gorgeous chapel, so called from the Borghese family, in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, built for Paul V. in 1608, rich in marbles, alabasters, and frescos. "The splendor of the opposite Borghese chapel so far surpasses my feeble powers of description that I shall leave it all to your imagination, to which you may give abundance of latitude, for it can scarcely surpass the reality. It contains one of St. Luke's precious performances, a miraculous Eaton. image of the Virgin." Capella Brancacci. [Brancacci Chapel.] A chapel in the convent of the Carmine, Florence, Italy, celebrated for its fine frescos by Masaccio (1402?-1443). "The importance of these fres cos arises from the fact that they hold the same place in the history of art during the fifteenth century, as the works of Giotto, in the Arena chapel at Padua, hold during the fourteenth. Each series forms an epoch in painting." Layard. People at the present day still go to the Brancacer Chapel to contemplate this isolated creator [Masaccio] whose precocious example no one followed Taine, Trans. He came to Florence long ago And painted here these walls, that shone With secrets deeper than his own, Lowell. Capella Clementina. See CLEM- Corsini. See CORSINI CHAPEL. Capella della Colonna Santa. [Chapel of the Holy Pillar.] A chapel in St. Peter's Church, Rome, so called from an inscribed pillar in it, concerning which the church tradition is that it is the one against which Christ leaned when teaching in the Temple at Jerusalem. Capella Paolina. [Pauline Chapel.] An apartment in the Vatican Palace, Rome, built in 1540 for Paul III. It contains two frescos by Michael Angelo. "Two excellent frescos executed by Michael Angelo on the side walls of the Pauline Chapel are little cared for, and are so much blackened by the smoke of lamps that they are seldom mentioned. The Crucifixion of St. Peter, under the large window, is in a most unfavorable light, but is distinguished for its grand, severe composition. That on the opposite wall the Conversion of St. Paul-is still tolerably distinct." Kugler. Capella Sistina. See SISTINE CHAP EL. Capitol, The [Rome]. See CAPITOLINE HILL and PIAZZA DEL CAMPIDOGLIO. Capitol [of the United States]. The immense and magnificent building in Washington, D.C., devoted to the uses of the American Congress. The centre building is of freestone painted white. Its corner-stone was laid by Washington in 1792. The marble extensions were begun in 1851. The total length of the original Capitol, together with the wings and corridors, is 737 feet. The building covers an area of 33 acres, and the cost of erection has been over $13,000,000. It is surmounted by an iron dome which is 287 feet above the base of the building, and 135 feet in diameter, being surpassed in size only by four domes in Europe, that of St. Peter's at Rome, of St. Paul's in London, St. Isaac's in St. Petersburg, and that of the Invalides in Paris. The dome is surmounted by a colossal statue of Liberty in bronze, 19 feet in height, standing upon a globe which bears the inscription E Pluribus Unum. Within the Capitol are included the Senate Chainber, the Hall of the House of Representatives, the Supreme Court room, and the Library of Congress. "We have built no national temples but the Capitol; we consult no common oracle but the Constitution." R. Choate. When, lo! in a vision I seemed to stand Capitol [of New York]. An immense and imposing building in the city of Albany, the capital of the State of New York, designed for legislative purposes and the uses of the executive department of the State. The structure is of the Renaissance architecture, and one of the best finished and most costly edifices of the kind in the world. Capitoline Hill. [Lat. Mons Capitolinus.] One of the original seven hills of ancient Rome, immediately contiguous to the Forum, and still bearing the same name. The Church of Ara Coeli is supposed to mark the site of the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which formerly stood upon the summit. There is a depression called the Intermontium, upon the top of the hill, forming two heights, upon the summit of one of which the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus is thought to have stood, and upon the summit of the other the Arx Capitolii. Upon the latter mount is placed the temple which Romulus is said to have built and to have dediThe cated to Jupiter Feretrius. hill was originally called Mons Saturnius, and afterwards (or certainly the whole of one side of it) Mons Tarpeia, from her who, during the war with the Sabines, longing for the golden bracelets of the enemy, and allured by the promise of receiving that which they wore upon their arms, treacherously opened the fortress to the Sabines, and was rewarded by being crushed by the shields which they threw upon her in passing. It lastly received the name of Mons Capitolinus (or Capitolium), because in digging the foundations for the Temple of Jupiter (Capitolinus) a bloody human head was found, which the augurs declared to be an omen that Rome was destined to become the head of Italy. The famous Tarpeian Rock was also upon this side of the Intermontium, though its exact situation is not definitely determined. PIAZZA DEL CAMPIDOGLIO. See "But when we think of its invulnerable citadel, its vanished temples, its triumphal arches, its splendid porticos, its golden statues, and all its unparalleled but forgotten splendors -it is indeed a contrast to look round on the scattered ruins of that seat of empire which awed the world; to behold a convent of barefooted friars usurping the proud temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, a few miserable hovels crowning the Tarpeian Rock, and the palace of a modern Roman patrician occupying the site of the house of Ovid and the School of Philosophers." C. A. Eaton. "No language contains a word of more expression and significance than the Capitol, nor is there a spot on earth more full of historical interest. It was at once a fortress and a temple; the head of the Roman state and the shrine of their religion. The Capitol was the symbol of ancient Rome, as St. Peter's and the Vatican are the symbols of the modern and mediæval city." G. S. Hillard. Unsexed, but foul with barren lust, Marshalled her powers to overwhelm And lay Rome's glories in the dust? Cal. Cæsar, I never stood on ceremo bones, consisting of four chambers decorated with human bones, and bodies that have become mummified. The earth was brought hither from Jerusalem. Several skeletons are standing upright, dressed in their monastic robes. Whenever a brother dies, he is buried in the oldest grave, and the bones which have been displaced to make room for him are removed to the general collection. Caprino, Monte. See MONTE CA PRINO. Capucines, Boulevart des. One of the boulevards of Paris. See BOULEVARDS. Caracalla, Baths of. See BATHS OF CARACALLA. Card Party. A small but very interesting picture, representing a company of men and women at a card-table, by Luc Jacobsz, commonly called Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533), a Flemish painter. It is now in the collection of the Earl of Pembroke, at Wilton House, England. Cardiff Giant. A noted piece of trickery in the shape of a colossal statue of gypsum disinterred at a little place called Cardiff, near Lafayette, N. Y., in October, 1869, and successfully palmed off upon some of the most distinguished antiquaries and palæontologists of America as being either a work of ancient sculpture, or more probably a fossilized man. It was carried about the country, and publicly exhibited to great crowds in all the principal cities. At last the fact came out, that it had been cut from a quarry in Iowa not long before, wrought into shape in Chicago, and buried in Cardiff, where it was soon after alleged to have been accidentally discovered. Cardinal Bentivoglio. See BEN TIVOGLIO. Cardinal Bibiena. See BIBIENA. Cardinal Pole. See POLE. Cardross Castle. A ruined castle in Scotland, on the Clyde, near Dumbarton. In this castle Robert Bruce died in 1329. Carinæ. A fashionable quarter in ancient Rome, situated upon the Esquiline Hill, where many of the nobles and principal citizens had their residences. Carisbrooke Castle. A magnificent feudal mansion, now in ruins, in the village of Carisbrooke on the Isle of Wight. Charles I. was confined here after his flight from Hampton Court. The castle contains a well said to be over 300 feet in depth. Carità. [Charity.] A picture by Andrea Vannucchi, called Andrea del Sarto (1487-1531), the Italian painter, and considered one of his best works. In the Louvre, Paris. Carità. [Charity.] A striking picture by Bartolommeo Schedone (1560-1615). In the Museum at Naples, Italy. Carlisle Castle. An ancient feu dal fortress in Carlisle, England, now in a state of decay. It was built by William Rufus (10561100). The castle is at present used as a barrack and armory. Musing on this strange hap the while, The King wends back to fair Carlisle; And cares, that cumber royal sway, Wore memory of the past away. Scott. Carlo Borromeo. A statue in bronze and copper, of colossal size, near Arona, Italy, erected to the memory of the saint in 1697. It is 106 feet in height including the pedestal. Far off the Borromean saint was seen, Distinct, though distant, o'er his native town, arise. Where his Colossus with benignant mien, Looks from its station on Arona down; To it the inland sailor lifts his eyes, From the wide lake, when perilous storms Southey. Carlo Felice. A noted theatre in Genoa, Italy, opened in 1828. Carlo, San. See SAN CARLO. Carlsbrücke, Die. [Charles' Bridge.] A famous bridge over the Moldau in Prague, Austria. It was begun in 1357, and was 150 years in building. The piers are surmounted with groups of saints and martyrs, 28 in number, in cluding the celebrated statue of St. John Nepomuck. See ST. JOHN NEPOMUCK. Carlton Club. A noble building of Italian architecture (from St. Mark's Library in Venice), in Pall Mall, London, is occupied by the famous political club of this name, founded in 1831 by the Duke of Wellington. The first meeting of the club was held in Charles Street, St. James's. It removed to Carlton Gardens in 1832, and in 1836 a club-house was built in Pall Mall. The present house was built in 1854. "The Carlton contains Conservatives of every hue, from the good old-fashioned Tory to the liberal progressist of the latest movements,men of high position in fortune and politics." Timbs. No Carlton Clubs, Reform Clubs, nor any sort of clubs or creatures, or of accredited opinions or practices, can make a Lie Truth, can make Bribery a Propriety. Carlyle. Carlton House. A noted mansion which formerly stood in Waterloo Place, south of Pall Mall, London. It was built in 1709, and was taken down in 1827. Upon the Ionic columns of this house an Italian epigram was written by Bonomi: "Care colonne, che fatti qua? Non sapiamo, in verità,' which has been translated as follows: "Dear little columns, all in a row, "We went to see the Prince's new palace in Pall Mall, and were charmed. It will be the most perfect in Europe. . In all the fairy tales you have been, you was never in so pretty a scene. I forgot to tell you how admirably all the carving, stucco, and ornaments are executed, but whence the money is to come I conceive not. All the tin-mines in Cornwall could not pay a quarter." Horace Walpole, 1785. With the same childish attendant, I remember peeping through the colonnade at Carlton House and seeing the abode of the great Prince Regent. Thackeray. I have a state-coach at Carlton House, But they're lent to two friends, who make me amends By driving my favorite pace. Byron I remember Alvanley eating three suppers once at Carlton House-one night de petite comité. Thackeray. Carmine, The. A noted church in Florence, Italy, of the fifteenth century, containing some fine frescos which are of great importance in the history of art. Carnac. A collection of stones or monumental blocks of granite, several thousand in number, in the town of the same name, in the Department of Morbihan, France. They are of unknown origin and antiquity, and their use and meaning are involved in great obscurity. By some they are thought to be Druidic remains, and by others to be of earlier date. They are probably not sepulchral monuments, and it is quite as probable that they were intended for military as for religious purposes. In their general appearance they resemble the monuments found in the Orkney Islands. Caroccio. A famous car of great size, drawn by two beautiful oxen, which, in the old days of Florence, accompanied the citizens to the field of battle. It bore the standard of the city, and is supposed to have been built in imitation of the ark carried before the Israelites. "This vehicle is described, and also represented in ancient paintings, as a four-wheeled, oblong car, drawn by two, four, or six bullocks. A platform ran out in front of the car, spacious enough for a few chosen men to defend it, while behind, on a corresponding space, the musicians gave spirit to the combat: mass was said on the Caroccio, ere it quitted the city, the surgeons were stationed near it, and not unfrequently also a chaplain attended it to the field. The loss of the Caroccio was a great disgrace, and betokened utter discomfiture." Napier. Caroline, The. A United States steamer burned Dec. 29, 1837, by the loyal Canadians, for having brought aid to the rebels. The affair became a subject of diplomatic correspondence. Caroll, Fort. See FORT CAROLL. Carondelet, The. An armor-plated ship of the United States Navy during the war of the Rebellion. Carré. See SALON CARRÉ. Carrickfergus Castle. One of the most perfect castellated structures in Ireland, standing on a rock which projects into the sea, and is nearly surrounded by water. It is in the county of Antrim. Carrig-a-droid Castle. A ruined stronghold of the Middle Ages, in the county of Cork, Ireland. It successfully resisted for a time the arms of Oliver Cromwell. Carrig-o-gunnell. [Rock of the Candle. An interesting castle in the county of Limerick, Ireland, and one of the most romantic ruins in the island. It is said to have been built by the O'Brien family in 1530, and has undergone many sieges. Carrousel. See ARC DU CARROUSEL and PLACE DU CARROUSEL. Carthage, Building of. See BUILDING OF CARTHAGE. Cartoons of Raphael. A collection of seven (a number of others are now lost) drawings in distemper colors by Raphael (1483-1520), being original designs executed by order of Leo X., for tapestries to adorn the lower walls of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. The tapestries still hanging in the Vatican, for which the Cartoons were designed, were called Arazzi, from Arras in Flanders, the place where they were executed. The seven Cartoons lay neglected until about 1630, when Charles I. bought them by the advice of Rubens. After the death of Charles, they were purchased by Cromwell, and were subsequently removed by William III. to Hampton Court, where they remained until 1865, when they were placed in a gallery specially prepared for them in the South Kensington Museum, London. These cartoons are ranked among the grandest productions of Christian art. The subjects are "Christ's Charge to St. Pe |