little girl, of five or six years old, stepped forward, p and being placed in the barouche, presented him a wreath, and made a brief address in the French language. The general accepted the present, placed it on his arm, and kissed the child in rapture. Having arrived at the head of the mall, the military formed a line in Park street, and stood with presented arms while the general passed in review before them to the front gate of the state house, where he alighted, and was conducted to the senate chamber, where he was received by the governor, who addressed him as as follows: "Sir, our friends-In the name of the government, and in behalf of the citizens of Massachusetts, I have the honor to greet you with a cordial and affectionate welcome. "We thank God, that he has been pleased to preserve you through the scenes of peril and of suffering which have distinguished your patriotic and eventful life, and that we are indulged with this occasion of renewing to you our grateful acknowledgments for the important services which you have rendered to our common country. "In the last surviving major general of the American revolutionary army, we recognize a benefactor and friend from a distant and gallant nation; who, inspired by a love of liberty, subjected himself in his youth to the toils and hazards of a military life, in support of our rights. Under our illustrious Washington, you were instrumental in establishing the liberties of our country, while your gallantry in the field secured to yourself an imperishable renown. "With the enjoyment of the blessings of independence, we shall never cease to associate the name of La Fayette, and our prayer to Heaven will be for his health and prosperity." WELCOME ILLUSTRIOUS CHIEF. Receive the pledges of thy children, to sustain with fidelity the principles that first associated LA FAYETTE with the destines of America. NATURAL RIGHTS. YORKTOWN AND MONMOUTH. We have not time or room to describe in detail the various ceremonies and incidents that occurred.Every thing indicated a general disposition to receive the "guest of the nation," with the utmost cordiality, and with every token of sincere respect and gratitude. General La Fayette was to leave Boston on Tuesday morning, breakfast in Marblehead, dine in Salem, and pass the night in Newburyport. On Wednesday he was to proceed to Portsmouth, visit the navy yard and pass the night there; and return to Boston on Thursday at noon. In the afternoon of the same day, visit Lexington, and lodge in Lancaster, and from thence proceed to Worcester, Tolland and Hartford, so as to reach New York on the 5th of September. FOREIGN NEWS. Great Britain and Ireland. The cheapness with which Irish beggars can now get over from Ireland. in the steam-boats, threatens to overwhelm the west of Scotland with these miserable beings, in the lowest state of wretchedness and want. The king of the Sandwich Islands survived his wife but a short period; he died in London on the 14th July. Letters from Ireland give a dreadful account of the country owing to the overwhelming taxes and tythes exacted from the people. To such a deplorable condition were the mechanics and agriculturists reduced The general made a feeling and appropriate re- by these exhorbitant demands, that they were unable ply, which was received by the persons present with to purchase the necessaries of life, and, in many great applause, and the expression of sincere affec-places, numbers of these unfortunate victims of a mistion. The various officers of the government present, and a great number of citizens were then presented to the general. He was then conducted to the residence prepared for him at the corner of Beacon and Park streets. The city council, with their honored guest, the mayor, and a deputation from the city council of New York, Messrs. Webster and Lloyd, gov. Eustis, J. Brooks, and a number of others, dined together at the Exchange Coffee House. At the above dinner gen. La Fayette gave the following toast: "The city of Boston-The cradle of Liberty-May Fanueil Hall ever stand a monument, to teach the world, that resistance to aggression is a duty, and will, under true republican institutions, become a BLESSING." Two civic arches were thrown across Washington street, beautifully decorated with flags, and bearing the following mottos: WELCOME LA FAYETTE. The fathers in glory shall sleep, 1776. WASHINGTON AND LA FAYETTE. Welcome La Fayette. A REPUBLIC NOT UNGRATEFUL. And all the streets through which the procession passed were tastefully dressed with the national flags of the United States and France. On one of the flags in Broad street, was the following: taken policy had actually died for want of food. Several ships of war, and detachments of the royal marine corps and artillery, were about to sail from Chatham, Portsmouth, &c. for Portugal direct. Mr. Perkins has brought his engine to a state of perfection; and such confidence is there in his success, that a capitalist has advanced 36,000 pounds for a share of his patent. A destructive fire had occurred at Portsmouth, by which 40 sail of vessels were burned. France. The French government has placed 1,455,000 francs at the disposal of its department of foreign affairs for the current year, it has also intimated that it has no intention of interfering with the affairs of Portugal. Spain. The king of Spain has held a grand council. The ministers of the "holy alliance" were present; the ostensible object of the meeting was the consideration of the affairs of South America and Portugal. A partial change in the ministry has taken place. Count d'Ofalia has been dismissed and M. Lamandez appointed as his successor. Holland. The Dutch government has repealed the law by which the subjects of Holland were prohibited from making loans of money to foreign powers. Russia. Turkey still evaded the performance of her promise to Russia, to evacuate Moldavia and Wallachia, and it was thought that Russia would have to march her troops across the Danube and the Pruth to coerce that measure. Turkey and Greece. The Greek fleet in the waters of Ispara, is stated at 180 sail, chiefly small vessels. The Turks had in the gulf of Lepanto, only three frigates, two corvettes, and three brigs. The patriots were said to be endeavoring to raise an expedition to drive the Turks out of Macedonia. It was believed, however, they would not carry this into effect, but act on the defensive until they received the large vessels, for which they had contracted, from England. Col. Stanhope, and most of the British officers, are stated to have quitted the Greek armies since the death of lord Byron. By accounts from Constantinople, of the 11th June, it appears that considerable dissatisfaction prevailed | there on account of the inactivity of the captain Pacha, who was accused of incapacity. Care had been taken to conceal the late defeats of the admiral's troops by the Greeks, lest the knowledge of these events should increase the public irritation. ner in which he presented himself to me, I have de- To his excellency the minister of state, &c. Most excellent sir-Having been informed by the general of the armies of the state, that Don Augustin de Iturbide has arrived at Soto la Marina, in an English vessel, this congress has decreed that the deA Turkish squadron of 70 sail, for the invasion of cree of the general sovereign congress of the 28th of Greece, had arrived off the island of Scopola, the in- April last, be carried into effect, in which the said habitants of which were preparing to defend them- Iturbide is declared an outlaw, whenever he shall, selves. The intelligence of the recent defeat of the under any pretext, present himself in the territory of Turks at Thermopyla had been further confirmed by the federation, and that this resolution be communiaccounts received at Belgrade and Semien. The for-cated to your excellency, that yon may cause it to be mer accounts of the cruelties exercised by the Turks executed, commanding you, as you are hereby comin the island of Candia are confirmed to their fullest manded under the most strict responsibility, that you extent.-Above 30,000 of the inhabitants had fled to cause Don Augustin de Iturbide to be beheaded, givavoid the barbarians. At Samos, 15,000 had followed ing him the necessary time to prepare himself in a the example and gone to Ipsara. Two hundred per- christian manner. sons were killed in the former place in an affray between two parties on Easter Sunday. East Indies. Intelligence from Calcutta had been received that the British war with the Burmese had assumed a serious aspect, and would probably be one of considerable magnitude. A party of the East India company's troops, which defeated a body of the Burmese, had subsequently been overpowered and driven back with loss, and orders had been issued for 25,000 men to take the field against the enemy. Jamaica. The trials of the slaves concerned in the late insurrection had been concluded. Twenty-five were found guilty, twelve of whom were executed on the 20th July. Trinidad. Letters from Trinidad represent that island as being in great distress, owing to the British slave laws. An earthquake was experienced there on the 13th July. Mexico. By an arrival from Alvarado we have the following official documents. Padilla, July 26, 1824. Most excellent sir-On the 14th inst. the English brig Spring, arrived at the mouth of the bar of this river, in 64 days from London, bringing the foreigner Charles de Beneskie, and a companion, bound to the Mexican territory in order to treat with the government concerning a plan of colonization, and bringing powers for the purpose from three Irish capitalists, (merchants), of that capital. The congress also commands, that, without losing a moment, your excellency cause orders to be issued, that all the civic militia of the state be alarmed and in readiness for service; and that your excellency communicate what has occurred and these resolutions to be supreme executive power of the federation, in the most speedy manner, for which purpose a copy of the official letter of the commandant general is herewith transmitted to your excellency—God and liberty-Padilla, July 19, 1824.-Jose Ignacio Gilldeputy secretary, Jose Feliciano Ortiz, deputy secretary-to his excellency the general of the state. Most excellent sir-As I informed your excellency in a previous despatch, the citizen commandant general Don Felipe de la Garza arrived yesterday at this town, bringing Don Agustin de Iturbide, and immediately placed him at the disposal of the honorable congress of this state, who desiring the fulfilment of the sovereign decree of the 28th of April last, which proscribed and outlawed the said Iturbide, ordered that the citizen general should cause to be executed upon him the punishment of death, to which according to the said decree he was liable; which order was carried into execution by shooting him yesterday at six in the afternoon. This event, yourexcellency, doubt less, removes the apprehensions that were continually entertained of commotions from the proselytes of Iturbide, and will cause a uniformity and concentration of opinion in On the following day, the said Beneskie presented favor of the system that we have happily adopted; for, himself to me, of whom I requested information re- as one of the causes that occasioned it to vacilate specting Don Augustin Iturbide, his views and project is removed, the effects of that cause must consewith regard to this territory, and Beneskie having quently cease: I therefore hasten to inform your exassured me in a manner, apparently sincere, that, at cellency, that upon its being communicated to the suhis departure, said Iturbide remained in London, liv-preme executive power, his highness may be pleased ing quietly with his family, he returned to the bar to to approve of the measure, and at the same time dibring his companion who had remained on board. rect me what is to be done with the family and equipYesterday at one in the afternoon, the comman-age of Iturbide, which is detained at Soto la Marina, dant of the detachment informed me that said Benes- until the determination of his highness be known. kie was on his way to this place with another person, God preserve your excellency many years. who being disguised, was not known. Immediately I proceeded with some troops to pursue, if necessary, Beneskic and his companion. At Arrogos, distant six leagues from this town, I met them at about half past four in the afternoon, and recognizing the personnal and foreign relations. in disguise, to be in reality Don Augustin de Iturbide, he spoke to me and stated that his wife and two small children were the only persons that accompained him, he having left the other in London; from thence he was carried to this town under a competent guard, and I am satisfied of his safety. Padilla, July 20, 1824. JOSE BERNARDO GUTIERREZ DELAKA. Jose Antonio Fernandez, Secretary. In the town of San Antonio de Padilla, on the 19th day of the month of July, 1824, we the magistrates of the said town, being assembled, to certify, that on the day of the date we saw Don Augustin de Iturbide enter as a prisoner, having been brought to this place by the citizen general Felipe de la Garza; who in Although I am aware of what is directed by the law conformity to the decree of the 28th of April, of the of the 28th of April last, relative to this individual, present year, issued by the general congress, caused yet, considering the defenceless and submissive man-Thim to be shot on the same day at six in the aftercon. Canada. A Quebec paper states the annual con which we know to be true, having seen his dead body: in testimony whereof, and at the request of the citi-sumption of teas in Canada at 20,000 chests-of zen general, we give this certificate under our hands. which 16,000, as it says, are smuggled from the Jose Ricardo Acebedo-Jose Antonio Paz, first regi- United States. dor-Ignacio Sena, second regidor-Jose Luis de la Fuente, lyndic attorney. A great tree. The Yorkville Pioneer gives an account of a sycamore tree, which for its great size and capacity, surpasses, perhaps, any one in the United States. It is 72 feet in circumference, with 16 feet of a hollow in diameter: has held within that space 7 men on horse back. It stands near Howell's Ferry, S. C. on Broad river, on the York side. Tradition reports it gave shelter and afforded protection to many families during the lowering days of the American revolution. I, the citizen presbyter, Jose Miguel de la Garza Garcia, member of the honorable constituent congress of the state of Tamanlipas, parish priest of the town of Padilla, certify, according to law, that a dead body, that is deposited in a room near the parsonage house of this town, in order to be interred tomorrow, is that of don Augustine de Iturbide, whom I knew this morning on his arrival here, and whom I saw shot in the afternoon. In testimony whereof I give this certificate at the request of the citizen gene-Vermont with large quantities of counterfeit money Counterfeiters. Three men have been arrested at ral of the armies of this state, brigadier Felipe de la in their possession. A bundle containing $11,000 in Garza, in the said town of Padilla, on the 19th day of forged bills was found in one of their trunks. the month of July, 1824. Jose Miguel de la Garza Garcia. CHRONICLE. Theodorick Bland has been appointed chancellor, and Thomas Kell, attorney general of the state of Maryland. The U. S. ship Franklin, com. Stewart, arrived at New-York on the 29th inst. after a cruise of nearly three years in the Pacific. Ninety-three deaths occurred in Philadelphia last week, four of which were by small-pox. Yellow-fever. On the 25th August, the board of health, at Charleston, reported seven, and on the 12th the board of health at Orleans, 12 new cases of yellow fever. Died. At Richmond, Va. on the 21st ult. Dr. William Fouchee, postmaster at that place, in the 75th year of his age—a highly respected and much beloved gentleman. in Tennessee, on the 4th ult. major Clement Hall, aged 71, and captain Edmund Gamble; and, in Trumbull county, Ohio, Manuel Hover, esq. aged 70; soldiers of the revolution. in Davidson, N. C. Mr. Barnet Wier aged one hundred and twenty years. Squirrels. Two hunting parties recently killed 19,310 squirrels in one hunt each, in Indiana. The number of persons engaged or time the consumed, in the competition, is not stated. Kentukcy. The majority for gen. Desha over Mr. Tompkins, as governor of this state, is given at 8211. Mr. McAffee had a majority of about 5,500 as lieut. The board of commissioners and arbitrators under the St. Petersburg convention, met, pursuant to ad-governor. journment, in Washington on the 25th ult. The great canal. A New York paper observes that Reduction of interest. The Massachusetts bank, re-it is not improbable that the toll on the canal, the presented as one of the most respectable institutions present year, will amount to a little short of three in that state, has reduced the rate of interest upon dis- hundred thousand dollars! counts to five per cent. Erie canal navigation. Arrived at Utica, N. Y. in one week, 96 boats, with 1809 bbls. flour, 1329 do. salt, 31 do. provisions, 396 do. ashes, 38 do. linseed oil, 15 bbls. and 10 hhds. meal, 8785 bushels wheat, 390 do. flax, 900 do. water lime, 6024 gallons whiskey, 106,784 feet boards and scantling, 1223 do. timber, 13,000 shingles, 18,000 staves, 575 lbs. butter and lard, 335 tons gyspum, 10 do. furniture, 24 do. castings, 209 do. merchandise, 19 do. wool, 70 boxes glass. A severe storm of wind, rain, hail and lightning was experienced in the city of Washington the 27th ult. during which the gable end of a brick building was prest out and fell upon a frame house adjoining, crushed in the roof, killed two persons and severely wounded several others. Sickness in Virginia. The Winchester Republican says a fatal sickness is now prevailing along most of the water courses in Virginia. Connecticut has a school fund of $1,764,369. The interest of which is annually $105,862 14. Taxes, &c. paid into the state treasury of Pennsylvania, from Philadelphia, from the year 1814 to the year 1823, both inclusive: Auction duties Charleston. Total $760,723 39 72,338 14 65,078 21 75,351 89 20,126 92 1,746,196 60 $2,739,814 55 The population of this city, by a late census, was ascertained to be 27,817-to wit, 12,457 whites, 13,852 slaves and 1,608 free colored persons. Appointments by the president. Augustus B. Woodward, to be judge of the United States for the middle district of Florida, in place of William W. Blair,deceased. Dutee J. Pearce, of Rhode Island, to be attorney of the United States for the district of Rhode Island, in place of John Pitman, appointed judge. Bloody battle. A letter from Green Bay, (Michigan Ter.) says "I have only the following news to write: Two soldiers, Clark and Wilson, deserted from this post a few days ago-armed with four Burrington Anthony, of Rhode Island, to be marshal muskets, &c. They were pursued by the Indians, of the United States for the district of Rhode Island, in (who are generally employed to bring back desert-place of Ebenezer K. Dexter, deceased. ers), and were overtaken. The soldiers were determined not to be taken, and when the Indians came within musket shot distance the action commenced, and lasted for some time. The following is the result-Soldiers killed 2, Indians do. 4, total 6." Swaim's panacea. Twenty six persons in the city of Philadelphia are engaged in preparing syrups in imitation of Swaim's panacea. Col. John S. Ellis, of North Carolina, has been appointed a clerk to the board of commissioners and arbitrators under the convention of St. Petersburg, vice Charles Manly, Esq resigned. Agricultural improvement. Mr. J. W. Craig, of Maryland, has invented a threshing machine, which got out 137 bushels of oats in one hour and forty-five minutes. PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEN NILES, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, EAST OF SOUTH-STREET THIRD SERIES. No. 2-VOL. III.] BALTIMORE, SEPT. 11, 1824. [VOL. XXVII. WHOLE NO. 678 THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. Edited and PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. A very valuable essay on the provisions of the con- built upon the principle of force. The quasi war with stitution of the United States, in respect to electors France, most of us thought, was got up for the purof president, was received too late for the present number-but shall have a place in the next REGISTER. pose of erecting an "energetic government" at home It is the order of business in this establishment, and the Virginia armory was built to resist, at arms, (and it may be well to mention it for the information the laws of the land, if the elections should fail to corof its friends), that the REGISTER shall be made up every Friday at noon, except while congress is in rect the evils complained of. These are the facts as session, when the preparation of the sheet is delayed, they were understood and believed at that period; or certain pages left open, to receive any interesting but we excused ourselves as to the last, by considermatter which the southern mail may furnish--hence long articles, unless of present importance, are never ing it a defensive measure. What a man claims for given out on Fridays. This circumstance is noticed himself, he should always be ready to yield to others now, because by yesterday's mail I received a statement as to what is called a "collision among the judges," and it is on this principle only that any excuse at New-York-which, a "subscriber" says, is suppos- could be formed for the spirit and meeting of the ed to be from an "official source," with a request that Hartford convention, if possible to excuse it at all— 1 would insert it. As the case is one in which the public is concerned, it shall have a place in the next which I cannot, because at that time the enemy had paper. Though an opposing statement, if offered, possession of a part of Massachusetts, and was raA considerable part of this sheet is given up to in-vaging our coasts with all the wantonness of barba, sert an account of the explosion of the "National Ad-rous warfare. It was not a time when matters of opivocate," a paper that has long been conducted on nion should be interposed between a man and his country': the high-pressure principle! It would be an affair that could not excite any curiosity or interest out of the state, except for reason of the states present peculiar situation, and it is from this cause only that I have shall follow it. allowed so much room to it. THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE-No. 2. The idea of a great political power seated in the south, is not new. It was anticipated twenty-four years ago, and began to make itself manifest pretty soon after the first election of Mr. Jefferson, in the sending forth of its dogmas to which all were expected to subscribe, under the pain of political excommunication: and I well remember that one of the most venerable and most honest whigs of that day, observed, with reference to it-"we have broken down the 'Essex junto,' but the time is coming when it will be as much the duty of the democratic party to break down another junto," or words to this effect. In my opinion, the prophecy is fulfilled, and the time spoken of has arrived. Circumstances placed Virginia at the head of the republican states, in the early period of our political struggles. They were content to follow the leadings of the "ancient dominion," because they stood opposed to the dictations and designs of the eastern party, which we believed had seriously resolved to possess the power and wield the sceptre of this nation, with a strong arm; and, as Boston was called the “heal quarters of good principles" at a certain time of political excitement, by one interest, so might Richmond have been called by the other; and, yet, perhaps, the extent to which politics were carried in either place, was not approved of by a majority of the partes attached to them respectively: for both were VOL. XXVII 2. And, though we may regard the stand taken by Vir ginia, in the erection of her armory, as an ultra proceeding-that partially taken by the people of the eastern states, (and terrible effects from it were probably prevented only by the result of the New-Yorkelections), must be respected as anti-national. But the discretion of the people-the exertion of their sovereignty at the polls, rectified and regulated these mat, ters, and restored us to a federal feeling; and compelled a regard for that power which it is the present design of some to set aside and trample upon, that a caucus-a small meeting of unauthorized individuals, may gather it to themselves, and exert it to serve their own particular purposes. I do not mean by this expression to say-and what I mean to say I wish to be understood, that each person who attended the caucus last held at Washington had any selfish quid pro quo in view before him, for men of noble minds were in that meeting-but I speak of the body, taking upon itself the right to “recommend" or nominate, contrary to the will of a very large majority of "the republican members of congress," and preferring an individual, not because he was or is a better republican or a better man than his rival candidates, but from their own personal predilections in favor of him. Yet if I felt myself at liberty to dive into the private political history of many of those who attended-as many, perhaps, as would constitute a majority of the whole, we should probąbly find it composed of such as were recently violent opponents of the "republican" party, supporters of Mr. Clinton in the very act for which he suffered the proscription, or persons notorious at home for their the republican party. In viewing the condition of Virginia, governed by an unquestionable minority even of the free holders, I have oftentimes thought of the saying of one of the pope's ministers, who, when it was observed, "you have a great deal of religion in Rome," replied, "yes-we make it for exportation." As I believe there is more practical religion in the United States than in any other country, because the law does not interfere to make hypocrites or pamper devout knaves-so also I am convinced that there is more practical republicanism in either of the eastern and hitherto federal states, than the Richmond junto will ever allow to their fellow-citizens of Virginia, if they can prevent it. The pope has lately published over-flowing desire to hold offices or possess influ- the dictation of principles for the rule and guide of ence among the people. If my readers will look at the list of the members of the caucus for themselves, I apprehend they will not be at a loss to class and locate the body as is stated above. The inferences to be drawn from the preceding statement, so far as it goes, will justify a general assertion, that the caucus nomination mainly derives its support, not from the people, but from the ultra power-seeking party among I do not say parties-as it is impossible for me to believe, when I see the "New-York Evening Post" and the "Richmond Enquirer" in "holy alliance, that there is more than one party. As to others of the most prominent papers which support the caucus, I never looked for principle in them; and, to repeat a favorite saying, "blessed is he who expects nothing-an "encyclical letter" to his bishops, against the Bible for he shall not be disappointed." society-as if the people ought not to read the word us. But the natural and By the triumphs of the republican party in 1800- of God for themselves—and has not the decree gone (though opposed by the influence of the eastern junto forth to "the regents," or sub-junto in New York, that in the senate of Pennsylvania, in the precise manner the people of that state shall not be trusted with the in which the same party has been lately opposed by clection of a president of the United States? The the southern junto, in the senate of New York), Vir-"holy father," says that the reading of the Bible is ginia obtained a powerful ascendency over the rc-against the order "of the famous council of Trent❞— publican interest of the United States-whether and for the citizens of New York to exert the elective more than she deserved or not, is immaterial at franchise, is against the "authority" of the caucus at present; and this ascendency, in the ordinary course Washington. They are said to be guilty of a "perof things, vested itself in the possession of a few fidious liberality," who distribute the Bible without aspiring spirits, because the people at large, wearied price; and I and others are charged with something with the great efforts that they had made, relapsed like toryism, even by yearling democrats, because into an increased attention to their own private affairs we contend that "the people" established the con--and, as if by common consent, left the manage-stitution of the United States, and that we the people ment of the politics of the state in the hands of persons rallying at Richmond, who had the leisure and the disposition to attend more especially to them. Here is the rock on which all the old republics split. "Vigilance is (and always has been) the condition on which liberty rests." It is human nature to "feel power and forget right." There are some few glorious examples in which rulers have exerted their influence and authority for the good of a whole people; but these serve only as splendid exceptions to the prevalence of a general lust for domination and partial administration of public affairs, that a few may be benefited at the cost of the many. And such has been the power of those persons at Richmond, aided by others who have a common interest in the imposition, that, though one county may pay fifty times as much tax, or be required to furnish fifty times as many soldiers as another, each has the same legislative representation; and every body knows how easily persons are tickled with the possession of office and the courtings of "the great." The same misrepresentation of the people exists in Maryland, but not so generally grievous as in Virginia, and is maintained by other causes. And, besides, we do not aspire to *That is, the majority of the people. have a right to be heard in every case growing out of |