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الصفحة 44
... body . All or meter . I returned the thermometer , re- most bodies have three different forms- paired by Mr Annan , who left this two days hardness , fluidity , and steam or vapour . ago , but was to be a week at Edinburgh in Take water ...
... body . All or meter . I returned the thermometer , re- most bodies have three different forms- paired by Mr Annan , who left this two days hardness , fluidity , and steam or vapour . ago , but was to be a week at Edinburgh in Take water ...
الصفحة 54
... body . But there I hesitate . " May there , " say you , " not be particles of a certain kind endowed with a power to form in conjunction an organized body ? " Would your Lordship allow that certain letters might be endowed with the ...
... body . But there I hesitate . " May there , " say you , " not be particles of a certain kind endowed with a power to form in conjunction an organized body ? " Would your Lordship allow that certain letters might be endowed with the ...
الصفحة 55
... bodies upon each other is mutual or reciprocal , and in contrary directions ; that is , if the body 4 produces any motion or change of motion in B ; by the reaction of B , an equal change of motion , but in a contrary direction , will ...
... bodies upon each other is mutual or reciprocal , and in contrary directions ; that is , if the body 4 produces any motion or change of motion in B ; by the reaction of B , an equal change of motion , but in a contrary direction , will ...
الصفحة 56
... body . But a body may be relatively at rest , and , at the same time , really in motion . Thus , a house rests upon its foundation for ages ; but this rest is relative with respect to the earth . For it has gone round the earth's axis ...
... body . But a body may be relatively at rest , and , at the same time , really in motion . Thus , a house rests upon its foundation for ages ; but this rest is relative with respect to the earth . For it has gone round the earth's axis ...
الصفحة 57
... body upon which experiments have been made , gravi- tate precisely in proportion to the quantity of matter ; that ... body's falling to the ground is its gravity . But gravity is not an efficient cause , but a gene- ral law , that ...
... body upon which experiments have been made , gravi- tate precisely in proportion to the quantity of matter ; that ... body's falling to the ground is its gravity . But gravity is not an efficient cause , but a gene- ral law , that ...
المحتوى
7 | |
23 | |
29 | |
35 | |
44 | |
58 | |
64 | |
First Argument for Liberty | 83 |
Of the Evidence of Sense and of Belief in general | 326 |
Of the Improvement of the Senses | 330 |
Of the Fallacy of the Senses | 334 |
Things obvious and certain with regard to Memory | 339 |
OF CONCEPTION | 360 |
OF ABSTRACTION | 389 |
OF JUDGMENT | 413 |
The first principles of Contingent Truths On Consciousness | 441 |
11 WRITINGS INTENDED and prepared for PUBLICATION | 93 |
OF SMELling | 104 |
Apology for metaphysical absurdities Sensation without a sentient | 108 |
OF TASTING | 115 |
OF SEEING | 132 |
Of the Process of Nature in perception | 186 |
Of the Signs by which we learn to perceive Distance from the eye | 188 |
Of the Signs used in other acquired perceptions | 193 |
Of the Analogy between Perception and the credit we give to Human Testimony | 194 |
CONCLUSION Containing Reflections upon the opinions of Philosophers on this subject | 201 |
B ESSAYS ON THE INTELLECTUAL POWERS OF | 213 |
DEDICATION | 215 |
PREFACE | 216 |
ESSAY IPRELIMINARY CHAPTER I Explication of Words | 219 |
Principles taken for granted | 230 |
Of Hypotheses | 234 |
Of Analogy | 236 |
Of the proper means of Knowing the operations of the mind | 238 |
Of the difficulty of Attending to the operations of our own minds | 240 |
Division of the powers of the mind | 242 |
Of Social and Solitary operations of mind | 244 |
Of the Organs of Sense | 245 |
Of the Impressions on the organs nerves and brain | 248 |
False Conclusions drawn from the impressions before mentioned | 253 |
Of Perception | 258 |
What it is to Account for a Phænomenon in Nature | 260 |
Sentiments of Philosophers about the Perceptions of External objects and first of the theory of Father Malebranche | 262 |
Of the Common Theory of Perception and of the sentiments of the Peripatetics and of Des Cartes | 267 |
The sentiments of Mr Locke | 275 |
The sentiments of Bishop Berkeley | 280 |
Bishop Berkeleys sentiments of the nature of Ideas | 287 |
The sentiments of Mr Hume | 292 |
The sentiments of Anthony Arnauld | 295 |
Reflections on the Common Theory of Ideas | 298 |
Account of the system of Leibnitz | 306 |
Of Sensation | 310 |
Of the Objects of Perception and first of Primary and Second ary Qualities | 313 |
Of other objects of Perception | 319 |
Of Matter and of Space | 322 |
First principles of Necessary Truths | 452 |
Opinions ancient and modern about First Principles | 462 |
of Prejudices the causes of error | 468 |
OF REASONING | 475 |
OF TASTE | 490 |
INTRODUCTION | 511 |
OF THE WILL | 530 |
OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACTION | 543 |
Of Appetites | 551 |
There are Rational Principles of action in man | 579 |
Observations concerning Conscience | 594 |
OF MORALS | 637 |
Of the Author | 681 |
ACCOUNT OF THE FIRST ANALYTICS | 693 |
On Additions made to Aristotles Theory | 697 |
Of the Last Analytics | 705 |
E ESSAY ON QUANTITY | 715 |
F ACCOUNT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW | 721 |
History after the Reformation | 727 |
Conclusion | 738 |
The Universality of the philosophy of Common Sense or its general | 742 |
B OF PRESENTATIVE AND REPRESENTATIVE KNOWLEDGE | 804 |
Errors of Reid and other Philosophers in reference to the preced | 812 |
D DISTINCTION OF THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY QUALITIES | 825 |
D PERCEPTION PROPER AND SENSATION PROPER | 876 |
D CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A HISTORY OF THE DOCTRINE | 889 |
D OUTLINE OF A THEORY OF MENTAL REPRODUCTION | 910 |
E ON THE CORRELATIVE APPREHENSIONS OF COLOUR | 917 |
F ON LOCKES NOTION OF THE CREATION OF MATTER | 924 |
I ON THE HISTORY OF THE TERMS CONSCIOUSNESS ATTENTION | 940 |
K THAT THE TERMS IMAGE IMPRESSION TYPE c IN PHILO | 948 |
Translations of passages exhibiting the nominalist doctrine | 957 |
0 LOCKES OPINION ABOUT IDEAS | 966 |
U ON THE ARGUMENT FROM PRESCIENCE AGAINST LIBERTY | 973 |
U ON SCIENTIA MEDIA | 981 |
X ON THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONCEPTIONS BEGRIFFE | 986 |
POSTSCRIPT | 991 |
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
absurd apparent magnitude appear apprehend argument Aristotle attend attributes axioms believe Berkeley Bishop Berkeley brain called Cartes cause ceive ception colour common sense conceive conception conscious degree distance distinct distinguish diverging eye doctrine Dr Priestley Dr Reid effect Essay evidence existence experience express external objects faculties feel give hath Hume hypothesis images imagination immediate object impression James Gregory judge judgment kind knowledge language laws of nature Locke Malebranche mankind material world mathematical matter meaning memory ment natural philosophy natural signs necessary nerves never notion object of thought objects of sense observed operations opinion optic nerve pain perceive perception Peripatetic phænomena philo philosophers Plato principles proper proposition reason regard Reid's relation retina scepticism seems sensation shew signs sion Sir Isaac Newton smell species suppose theory THOMAS REID tion true truth understanding visible figure vulgar
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 13 - The intense view of these manifold contradictions and imperfections in human reason has so wrought upon me, and heated my brain, that I am ready to reject all belief and reasoning, and can look upon no opinion even as more probable or likely than another.
الصفحة 347 - When the understanding is once stored with these simple ideas, it has the power to repeat, compare, and unite them, even to an almost infinite variety, and so can make at pleasure new complex ideas. But it is not in the power of the most exalted wit or enlarged understanding, by any quickness or variety of thought, to invent or frame one new simple idea in the mind, not taken in by the ways before mentioned ; nor can any force of the understanding destroy those that are there...
الصفحة 408 - Now, if we will annex a meaning to our words, and speak only of what we can conceive, I believe we shall acknowledge that an idea which, considered in itself, is particular, becomes general by being made to represent or stand for all other particular ideas of the SAME SORT.
الصفحة 317 - I call quality of the subject wherein that power is. Thus a snowball having the power to produce in us the ideas of white, cold, and round, the powers to produce those ideas in us as they are in the snowball, I call qualities ; and as they are sensations or perceptions in our understandings, I call them ideas ; which ideas, if I speak of them sometimes as in the things themselves, I would be understood to mean those qualities in the objects which produce them in us.
الصفحة 420 - Euclid's, and show by construction that its truth was known to us ; to demonstrate, for example, that the angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal...
الصفحة 15 - Here then, is the only expedient from which we can hope for success in our philosophical researches ; to leave the tedious, lingering method, which we have hitherto followed ; and instead of taking, now and then, a castle or village on the frontier, to march up directly to the capital or centre of these sciences, to human nature itself; which being once masters of, we may every where else hope for an easy victory.
الصفحة 263 - I can discover, are the windows by which light is let into this dark room; for methinks the understanding is not much unlike a closet wholly shut from light, with only some little openings left to let in external visible resemblances, or ideas of things without...
الصفحة 406 - A * great philosopher has disputed the received opinion in this particular, and has asserted that all general ideas are nothing but particular ones annexed to a certain term which gives them a more extensive signification and makes them recall upon occasion other individuals which are similar to them. As I look upon this to be one of the greatest and most valuable discoveries that has been made of late years in the republic of letters, I shall here endeavor to confirm it by some arguments which I...
الصفحة 317 - Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or is the immediate object of perception, thought, or understanding, that I call idea; and the power to produce any idea in our mind, I call quality of the subject wherein that power is.
الصفحة 303 - But this universal and primary opinion of all men is soon destroyed by the slightest philosophy, which teaches us, that nothing can ever be present to the mind but an image or perception, and that the senses are only the inlets, through which these images are conveyed, without being able to produce any immediate intercourse between the mind and the object.