CLOPEDIA of EDITED BY REW C. MCLAUGHLIN, A.M., LL.B., LL.D. PROFESSOR OF HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO AND T BUSHNELL HART, PH.D., LITT.D., LL.D. ROFESSOR OF THE SCIENCE OF GOVERNMENT, HARVARD UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION a cyclopedia of American government has been made plain to the work by their own experience as students and teachers; they have uble in readily obtaining brief and specific discussions of many eld. New political methods, new phrases, new facts and principles , as well as new governmental forms, are constantly coming into f many of these it is impossible to find mention in the ordinary literature of the subject is large, but there is not in any convenient ic and fairly comprehensive treatment of the whole field. The clopedias, though containing articles of considerable length, have the details of government, and almost nothing about governmental activities of what may be called unwritten and extra-legal gov e confident that this work will in considerable measure supply the succinct, and comprehensive presentation of practical, actual, and ment in America. They have not expected that the specialist in of the field-for example, in constitutional law-will find much articles in his own province that will be especially illuminating expect that even the specialist in any one field will be aided by the ects in neighboring fields; the constitutional lawyer, for example, can obtain information on political theory, international law, or 1. The book is meant for the general reader and for those whose es call them to the study of public affairs; it is meant for the table, the editorial room, and the classroom; it is meant for the peaker who wishes to obtain a certain amount of direct, concrete special topic, and desires references to further and more detailed editors have kept in mind also the needs of school and college to extend the information given in the classroom. RANGE OF THE WORK word "government" is used as a comprehensive term; it includes osophy of political society, the forms of political organizations have been laid down in distinct, written law or are only more modes of expressing the public will-the methods and agencies by nmental purposes are usually carried out. A considerable portion is made up of articles on the theory or principles of government; es cannot be exhaustive and all-conclusive, they do present sharply, 1 |