lower. From outer to inner gateway the ground rises. The Lieutenant-Governor's elephant passed the outer gateway with ease; but the second appeared too low. The officers did not think Sir Henry would pass through it. Those who have been in India know well the rapid pace of some elephants, which seems to quicken (as if the animal had an increasing sense of his importance) on entering a town on any great occasion. Although there was a short pause after passing through the first gateway, it was just preparatory to a more rapid sweep through the second. The elephant proceeded; and, before warning could be given, the crash of a breaking howdah was heard, and a highly useful, as well as brilliant, career was over.

*

The other sad event, which happened in London, is of too recent occurrence to require mention here. And now we turn to the living. There is Sir Douglas Forsyth, who has explored hitherto unknown countries in Central Asia, and has given an impetus to trade in that fickle region hardly experienced before. Mr. Forsyth's visit to Yarkund dates as far back as April, 1870, reminding one of the useful work of exploration through which Sir Alexander Burnes and other Anglo-Indians first rose to distinction.

In December, 1870, we find T. D. Forsyth, Esq., C.B., on special duty, writing to the Secretary of the Punjab Government, that "when Mirza Mohamed Shedee, Envoy from the Atalik Ghazee, ruler of Kashgar, and the country known as Eastern Turkestan, had an interview with the Viceroy of India at Calcutta, on the 28th March, 1870, he preferred a request, on behalf of his master, that a British officer might be sent back with him, on a friendly visit to the Court of the Atalik Ghazee, as an evidence of the friendship existing between the two Governments, and with a view to strengthen and cement it." Mr. Forsyth's in

* The officers on the second elephant got down, and found Sir Henry on the ground, just beyond the inner gateway, lying on his face. This melancholy accident to a distinguished Anglo-Indian happened on the evening of the 31st December, 1871. Sir Henry Durand breathed his last on the evening of the 1st January, 1872, to the sincere grief of the Government of India, and his numerous friends and admirers.-(From letter from T. H. Thornton, Esq., D.C.L., Secretary to Government of the Punjab). Sir Henry (as Colonel and C.B.) was a Member of the Council of India, under the Right Honourable Sir Charles Wood, Bart., G.C.B., M.P., in 1860.

structions were to go to Yarkund merely on a friendly visit to the Atalik Ghazee, and for the purpose of "opening up and giving impulse to the trade with that country.' The expedition, under Mr. Forsyth, among other useful personages, included Mr. R. B. Shaw, "the first Englishman who ever went to Yarkund, and who may be called the pioneer of Central Asian trade with India," Dr. Henderson, medical and scientific officer, subordinate to whom were Native Doctor Mohamed Yasseen, one bird collector and one plant collector; Mir Akbar Ali Khan Bahadoor, C.S.I., of Abyssinian celebrity, acted as Native Secretary. The Report consists of 214 pages, with valuable trade statistics, and information on routes in the appendix.*

With similar laudable efforts on the part of the Indian Government, the Anglo-Indian has a chance of being utilised in the East, and, consequently, of becoming distinguished, which he has seldom had before. The Iron Duke says in his Despatches that the affairs of America" will always hang upon the skirts of Great Britain." So will those of India, as a matter of course; but, in the latter case, more must be effected. They must not only hang on the skirts of Britannia, but be woven into her dress, becoming, as it were, a part and parcel of herself, by a process which Manchester ingenuity may yet devise!

Among other distinguished living Anglo-Indians, we have the Right Honourable Sir Bartle Frere, Sir Henry Rawlinson, Sir George Clerk, Sir Erskine Perry, Sir William Grey, and Sir George Campbell; the latter wellknown Bengal civiliant forming one, under the Viceroy, Lord Northbrook, and Sir Richard Temple (erst-while a Calcutta reviewer) another, of the grand energetic triumvirate who did so much to crush the Bengal famine of 1874. Such well timed energy cannot but command intense admiration. With even the twelve or more names already mentioned, a most interesting volume of sketches could be produced.

It is curious to notice how the all-important science of

*See also Appendix v., "Action in Eastern Asia." The Yarkund Envoy paid a state visit to the Viceroy, January 19th, 1875, and had left Calcutta for Bombay. + Now of the Council of India.

geography is mixed up with Anglo-Indians at the present time. Sir Henry Rawlinson, K.C.B., Member of the Council of India, and now V.P.R.G.S., succeeded the late Sir Roderick Impey Murchison as President of the Royal Geographical Society, and was himself succeeded in that post by Sir Bartle Frere, G.C.S.I., K.C.B., also a Member of the Indian Council. We may also mention that Mr. Clements Markham, C.B., Assistant-Secretary, Revenue Department, India Office, is Secretary to the above learned body. We have just heard that slavery has been abolished on the West coast of Africa; and this brings to mind how, in the middle of 1873, her Majesty called Sir Bartle Frere to her Privy Council as a recognition of his services towards extinguishing slavery on the East coast. The Anglo-Indian everywhere is becoming a man of the time. It is pleasing to note that energy and intellect have not only distinguished him in India and the East; but, at home, he has recently come forward in a remarkable degree to discuss great principles in social science, and to aid the grand lever of civilisation at the present day-education. A celebrated Anglo-Indian, a former Viceroy of India (Lord Lawrence), has not long left the seat at the London School Board he so worthily occupied; and a late popular and energetic Governor of Madras, who did so much for that Presidencyand who for the work he did there, and from the interest he takes in the country, may be almost styled an AngloIndian-Lord Napier and Ettrick-turning from the most important questions of social science, is now a member of the School Board; and, perhaps, a more zealous worker in the cause of popular elementary education has never appeared before. But Anglo-Indians of every degree, at home, are, as a rule, anxious to work if they can only find employment; and if a "bad liver" is occasionally to be found among them it is generally coupled with a good heart! We may expect in future years to see the AngloIndian utilised at home to an extent hitherto unknown. When such a wished-for consummation arrives, it will be no small pleasure also to note that English indifference to Indian affairs has vanished, and that "personal and social "sympathy," recently alluded to by Sir George Campbell

* At a meeting of the "National India Association," Dec. 1874.

*

as wanting to our rule in India, has become more general.

The actions of distinguished men detailed in this little volume, it is to be hoped will assist the judgment of those anxious to form an opinion on some of them, but who have no time to peruse larger works, and the fame the actors have gained certainly affords every hope of a bright future; or, to give a translation of the French motto on the titlepage:

"Honour acquired, is a guarantee

* That, as the past, so shall the future be." *

Three of the principal sketches are almost, if not entirely, new—Mr. John Colvin, General Beatson, and Sir John Kaye. In some of the others a repetition of expression will occasionally be found, which long intervals between their production, and a desire not to spoil their entirety, may readily excuse. I must ask the indulgence of the public for introducing among the lighter papers, "Falcieri: An India Office Sketch;" but I trust the reasons for so doing are sufficiently explained. There are people who think little about India, but who care a vast deal about any novel incident in the life of one who "lived as a separate spirit"-Lord Byron ;† and after reading my brief paper on "Tita," they may feel inclined to look into the purely Anglo-Indian sketches, when if they should gain even a slight knowledge of what they did not know before, the writer's labours will not have been in vain. The sketch of AngloIndian Periodical Literature, and the paper on Sir Henry Lawrence, originally appeared in a London magazine, at first (as its name held forth) an Oxford star, which, although it had pecuniary and literary support from its well-wishers-among them two of England's most distinguished writers-after uncertain twinklings for a year or two, suddenly disappeared from the literary firmament, leaving no sign! Some good judges, and a few of the London journals, having done me the honour to think well of

*Translated by the late Major-General P. J. Begbie, a worthy if not a distinguished Anglo-Indian, who translated some valuable works on Artillery, from the French, and wrote a History of the Coast (Madras) Artillery.

+ See also note at end of Appendix-"Lord Byron and India."

my Dark Blue contributions, the most important of them are here reproduced. The "Periodical" sketch-perhaps the only thing of the kind existing-may form some relief to the heavier fare provided for my readers.

With regard to the spelling of Indian words, I should remark that as far as possible, uniformity has been attempted; but where a writer of distinction is quoted, his own spelling is generally given. I have made use of what I conceive to be the most correct and approved forms of spelling; and I now trust that the word Burma will never again be written with an h at the end, to which it is no more entitled than China or Russia.*

The portrait of Sir John Kaye, represented in his diplomatic uniform, with the Knight's collar and star of the much coveted Order of the Star of India (of which the Viceroy is Grand Master, and "Heaven's Light our Guide" the appropriate motto), and which is an admirable likeness, will doubtless please the friends of that distinguished Anglo-Indian, as well as the reading public who have admired his writings. By such men, if we may again quote Cicero, we are reminded of what we should leave to posterity:-"An statuas et imagines, non animorum simulacra, sed corporum, studiose multi summi homines reliquerunt: consiliorum relinquere ac virtutum nostrarum effigiem non multo malle debemus suimus ingeniis expressam et politam ?" +

It may be stated, in concluding this somewhat rambling preface, that pains have been taken in the all-important matter (for a good record) of correct dates, with the view to being useful as well as entertaining.

* Introducing the general use of the Roman character into India for the vernacular languages-so ably brought forward by Mr. Frederick Drew, and admirably commented on by Sir Charles Trevelyan (President) at the Conference of the Society of Arts, February 12th-although we are loath to part with the Oriental characters, would no doubt aid in producing uniformity in the spelling of Indian words.

+ CICERO, Pro Archia, cap. 12.-The motto from Cicero on the titlepage is thus translated by a learned friend :-"There resides a kind of virtue in every good man, which, night and day, stimulates his mind with the incentives of glory, and suggests that the record of our name is not to be obliterated with the time of our life, but is to be handed down to posterity."