apt to produce in the vapours curvilineal motions at the instant preceding their congelation. M. Carena placed a small copper disc on the outside of one of the panes of glass, and found that the corresponding part of the glass was always free from hoarfrost.-Edin. Phil. Jour.

Method of restoring the White Colours in certain Paintings.-M. Merimée having observed, in a design by Raphael, that the lights had lost their brightness, applied to M. Thenard for his advice. This distinguished chemist ascribed the effect to the circumstance, that the white lead dissolved in water had become sulphuretted by the lapse of time, and had been changed from white to black; and having sent to M. Merimée some slightly oxygenated water, it was applied to the black parts, and the white colour was instantly restored. The water contained only five or six times its volume of oxygen. There is reason to think, that this method will not succeed equally well with oil paintings.-Journ. de Physique, Mai 1820, p. 398.

Notice of a prolific Cross-breed between the common Cat and the Pine-Martin, (Mustela Martes.)-We find by the Bi. bliotheque Universelle, that there has been lately presented to the Imperial Society of Natural History of Moscow, an animal which appears to be a cross-breed, formed by the meeting of the common cat and the pine-martin, and the fur of which promises to be a valuable article of commerce. The specimen presented to the Society was sent from the Government of Penza, where the pine-martin is very abundant. The following history is given of the cross-breed.-A domestic cat disappeared from a house in Penza, and returned in some days in a state of impregnation. At the usual period the cat littered four young ones, two of which very much resembled the martin. Their claws were not retractile, as in the cat, and the snout was elongated like that of the martin. The two others, of the same litter, more nearly resembled the cat, as they had retractile claws and a round head. All of them had the black feet, tail, and ears of the martin; and they killed birds and small animals more for the pleasure of destroying them than for food. The proprietor endeavoured to multiply this bastard race, and to prevent their intermixing with the other domestic cats; and his endeavours were completely successful. In the space of a few years he reared more than a hundred of these animals, and he made a very beautiful article of furriery of their skins. The specimen presented to the Society was of the third or fourth generation, and it retained all the characters of the first. The fur is as beautiful and as silky as that of the pine-martin, and it may, with some care, become an interesting object for commerce.-Edin. Phil.

Jour.

Adjudication of the Copley Medal. The President and Council of the Royal Society of London have adjudged the Gold Medal on Sir Godfrey Copley's donation to Mr John Christian Oersted, for his discoveries respecting the connection between Electricity and Galvanism.-Edin. Phil. Jour.

Arctic Expedition.-Accounts have been received from a gentleman attached to the Arctic land expedition, dated in January last, at which period the party were in comfortable winter quarters at Cumber. land house. The cold was very severe, the thermometer standing at 30 deg. below zero, but owing to the dryness of the atmosphere it was not so unpleasant as the cold wet weather in England. The rivers and lakes abounded with fish of various kinds, particularly trout of a very large size, and the hunters brought moose deer and buffaloes from the woods, so that there was no scarcity of provisions at their station.

France. Natural History.-M. Lucas, keeper of the cabinet of mineralogy in the Museum of Natural History, has terminated a journey that has occupied him twenty-one months in Italy and Sicily. He has brought home more than thirty boxes of minerals and other valuable articles collected in those countries; and he highly praises the reception he has met with throughout. M. Leschenault de Latour has sent from Pondicherry to the Museum of Natural History, a young elephant, living; an antelope, a shoot of the cocoa-tree, a large black squirrel, and a large box containing specimens of plants and seeds. M. Plée, a naturalist in the service of government, is on his journey to Porto Rico. M. Augustus L. Hilaire has given information of his having completed the hazardous and laborious expedition that he had undertaken in South America. M. Milbert, naturalist and draughtsman in natural history, who had been obliged by the state of his health to quit the company of Capt. Baudin, during his expedition in the South, is at present in North America," as correspondent of the Museum of Natural History. In the space of three years he has sent over fifteen consignments of rare and interesting objects; among them are a bison, several deer of uncommon species, and other living animals never before seen in France. In compliance with the request of the professors in the Royal Botanic Garden, the minister of the marine has nominated M. de Sauvigny to repair to Senegal in quality of botanic agriculturist.

Germany.-Ancient Roman Eagle.-It is well known that, at the defeat of the Roman legions in Franconia, in the days of Augustus, one of their ensign-bearers buried the eagle that was confided to his charge in a ditch. Time and chance have at length brought it to light. Count Francis of Erbach, who has a country seat at

Eulbach, and who has formed a magnificent collection of Roman antiquities, has found in the vicinity of his residence a Roman eagle, in a good state of preservation. It was discovered in a ditch, not far from some remains of a Roman entrenchment. It is of bronze, thirteen inches in height, and weighs seven pounds. Improvement on Globes.-A Berlin artist, Mr Charles P. Khummer, has recently published a globe with the mountains boldly executed in relief. This method impresses the subject more forcibly upon the mind than the mode hitherto adopted, and is consequently admirably calculated for geographical instruction.

Languages. According to a "View of all the known Languages and their Dialects," published by M. Fred. Aderburgh, their number amounts to 3064, viz. in all Asia 937, European 587, African 276, and American 1264.

Egypt.-M. Gau, an antiquarian and architect of Cologne, is returned from his travels in Palestine, Egypt, and Nubia, where he has ascended to the second cataract. He brings a very valuable collection of drawings of remarkable monuments; many of these have been taken for the first time, and others have been executed in a more correct manner. There will be about sixty plates on Nubia, of which there are none in the great French work, and twenty additional plates on Egypt and Jerusalem; the explanations to be in French and German. A specimen of five or six plates will appear very shortly, representing buildings and bas reliefs.

Sweden. Linnæus.-There has lately been discovered accidentally, among the papers of a shop-keeper, a biographical account of Linnæus, written by himself, and since continued to his death. The autograph MS. which is in the Swedish language, has been sent to Upsal, and will speedily be printed. It will form a book of 500 pages in 8vo, embellished with six engravings, exhibiting two portraits of the great naturalist, a fac simile of his hand-writing, his monument in the cathedral church, and the arms of his family.

New Islands.-M. Graner, a major in the Swedish service, who set out last year to explore, in the South Sea, a new route for merchant vessels from Chili to the East Indies, has discovered in that ocean a group of islands hitherto unknown to mariners. To the largest of them he has given the name of Oscar. It is to be regretted that the Swedish journals, from which this intelligence is extracted, furnish no details relative to the position of these islands

Russia. Peter the Great.-A triumphal column has been erected at Pultowa, by the Emperor Alexander, in commemoration of the victory gained by Peter the

Great over Charles XII. It is of cast iron in four parts; each of the joints is covered with a crown; the first is of laurel and palms; the second of laurel only, and the third of oak leaves; the intervals are filled with bundles of arms. The capital is formed of large palm leaves; above it is a demi-sphere, with a spread eagle, holding in his talons the thunders of war, and in his beak a crown of laurel. The pedestal contains two inscriptions; one to the glory of the hero, and the other designating the day and year of the victory. On the right and left of the column are trophies in the Greek style. The monument is encircled with an iron railing, the bars of which are Greek swords, with their points fixed in the earth, an emblem of repose after victory. On the base appears a little fortress bristled round with the artillery that was used at the battle of Pultowa.

India. The Marquis of Hastings, Governor-General in India, has received, as a present from the Nabob of Bhawulpur, a wild ass, of the species called Gor Thur by the Indians. This beautiful animal is from 11 to 12 hands high, has long ears, black eyes, and is of a chamois colour. He is not to be tamed, and in this and many other respects he resembles the African Zebra. He is represented as a most finished model of beauty, agility, and strength.

The Museum of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, among other curiosities, contains a bulrush, cut in Nepaul, 84 feet in length, a serpent with two heads, specimens of mosaic from Agra and Golconda, crystals from Nepaul, and sculptures from Persepolis, Java, &c.

Fossil Oyster Shell.-The Calcutta Mirror of the 23d of March last contains a letter from Dr Tyler, announcing that,' in an expedition to Kallinger, he picked up a fossil oyster shell on the summit of a high hill, above the village of Bheeamow, in union with granite and basalt rocks. "This proves that these hills were formerly all under water." Dr Tyler has met with something still more wonderful. "In the bed of a river near Russur, I also found," says he, "the fossil remains of the first joint of a human finger. It is evidently the first phalanx of a finger, and I think the first finger of the right hand."

Cicero. The Abbé Amadeus Peyran, Professor of Oriental Languages in the University of Turin, has discovered some fragments of Cicero in a manuscript from the monastery of St Colomban de Rabbio, a town on the Trebia, in the dominions of the King of Sardinia. This MS. presents important new readings of orations already known, and confirms the identity of several texts that have been tortured by indiscreet critics. It contains also fragments of the Orations Pro Scauro, Pro M. Tullio, In Clo. dium, orations unfortunately lost.

LONDON.

A MEMOIR of the Operations of the British Army in India, during the Mahiratta War of 1817, 1818, and 1819, is in the press, illustrated by maps and topogra phical plans; by Lieut. Colonel Backer, Quarter Master General of the Army of Fort St George. The plans have been carefully drawn under his own eye, and the maps from actual surveys under his immediate direction, and they are to be engraved under the superintendence of Mr Arrowsmith.

The Rev. John Hughes, author of the Horæ Britannicæ, in two volumes, is arranging materials for a supplemental vo hume, which will contain a translation of the Welsh Historical Triads, with two essays, presented to the Cambrian Society,

&c.

The Celt's Paradise; a Poem, by John Banim, will soon appear.

Oliver Cromwell, and his Times, is announced, by Thomas Cromwell, with a Portrait.,

An original Miscellany is in preparation under the title of the Quarterly Magazine, and the first number will appear in March or April.

A second edition is printing of Lectures, chiefly on the Dramatic Literature of the age of Elizabeth, delivered at the Russel Institution; by William Hazlitt, Esq. Essays on Character are announced, by the same author.

A new and corrected edition is printing of the Speeches of the late Right Hon. John Philpot Curran, with a preface and explanatory notes, by his son, William Henry Curran, Esq. Barrister at Law.

The Philosophy of Painting, by Wolstenholme Parr, is in the press.

Mr T. Arrowsmith has nearly ready for publication, a Map of the Constellations, on two very large sheets, accompanied by a Memoir.

The Rev. Thomas Smith, of Gordon House, Kentish Town, has in the press, an improved edition of Walkingame's Arithmetic, with upwards of 1800 additional questions, many new rules, tables, &c. &c.

Machin; or, the Discovery of Madeira; a Poem, by James Bird, author of "The Vale of Slaughden," will soon appear.

Dr Ramsbottom has nearly ready for publication, in one volume, 8vo, Practical Observations in Midwifery, with a selection of cases.

Speedily will be published, written by himself, Memoirs of William Wallace, Esq. late Captain in the 15th Hussars;

with interesting particulars of his residence and confinement in Paris, and some account of the leading characters of fashion in that metropolis.

Mr Buck's expected work, on the "Beauties, Harmonies, and Sublimities of Nature," will be published in February. The entire work has been written con amore, and promises to excite considerable interest.

A new edition of the Practice of the Customs, with considerable additions, including the consolidated duties, by Mr Smyth, one of the Surveyors General of his Majesty's Customs, will be published in January.

Happiness, a Tale for the Grave and the Gay, is preparing for publication.

A Novel, called Favourite of Nature, is printing in three volumes.

The Rev. Mr Fry, author of Lectures on the Romans, &c. is preparing a work, to be entitled the Second Advent, or Glorious Epiphany of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, being an attempt to clacidate in chronological order all the prophecies both of the Old and New Testament, which relate to this important subject, and to the events immediately con nected with it; the judgment of apostate nations, the restoration of Israel, and the final establishment of the promised kingdom of the Messian, &c. &c.

In the press, a second volume of Sacred Lyrics, by Mr James Edmeston.

The third part, finishing the Pentateuch, is printing with all speed of Mr Bellamy's new translation.

A Life of Ann Boleyn, comprising Sketches of the early period of Henry the Eighth's Court, with many Original Letters and Documents never before published, is in the press; attributed to Miss Benger, the Author of the Memoirs of John Tobin, &c.

Shortly will be published, the Principles of Forensic Medicine, explained, illustrated, and applied to British Practice, by J. G. Smith, M.D.

The concluding volume of Bryan's Biographical Dictionary of the Worthies of Ireland, 8vo, is in the press, and expected to appear early in the year.

Early in January, Mr Pye (who wrote a description of Modern Birmingham) will publish a brief account of the General Hospital, near Birmingham, together with the Musical Festivals that have been celebrated for its benefit, from their commencement to the present time.

Mr S. F. Gray has in the press, and nearly ready for publication, a new and

greatly improved edition of his Supplement to the Pharmacopoeias.

A prospectus has been circulated of a new periodical religious Magazine, conducted by a member of the United Secession Church of Scotland, entitled the Christian Recorder, and British and Foreign Religious Intelligencer; the first Rumber will appear in January.

A new and enlarged edition of Mr A. T. Thomson's Conspectus of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopoeias, will be published in January.

On the 31st of January, 1821, will be published, No. I. and continued monthly, of the British Domestic Herbal, being a correct description of British medicinal plants, intended for the use of families, and for every purpose of domestic medicine; illustrated by plates accurately coloured according to nature.

A new edition of the Rev. John Foster's Essay on Popular Ignorance is nearly ready for publication, and a second volume of Clarke's History of Intolerance is preparing for the press.

EDINBURGH.

An English translation of the System of Universal Geography; by M. Malte Brun, Editor of the Annales des Voyages, &c. is now in the press. The work will be completed in seven thick 8vo volumes, or 14 parts, the first of which will be publish

ed in the beginning of February, and the remainder quarterly. The translation is executing under the eye of the Author, who has corrected and improved the work expressly for this translation.

The Description of the British Empire, and of North and South America, is to be revised by Gentlemen belonging to those Countries, whose access to official documents will enable them to supply such important information, as will render this part of the work in a great measure original.

The publication of the Original was commenced in 1812, and is expected to be completed in two years. Five volumes have been already published; the first contains the History of Geography, and of the Progress of Discovery, from the earliest ages. to the present day; the second contains the Theory of Mathematical, Physical, and Political Geography; and the three last contain the Description of Asia, Africa, and America; the Description of Europe will be comprised in two additional volumes, which will complete the work.

The English translation commences with the Theory of Mathematical, Physical, and Political Geography.

The Works of John Home, Esq. Author of Douglas, a Tragedy, &c. to which is prefixed, an Account of his Life and Writings; by Henry Mackenzie, Esq. F. R. S. E. 3 vols. 8vo. An edition of the Life will be printed for separate sale.

LONDON.

AGRICULTURE.

A TREATISE ON Mildew and the Cultivation of Wheat, including Hints on the use of Lime, Chalk, Marl, Clay, Gypsum, &c.; by Francis Blaikie, Steward to T. W. Coke, Esq. 1s. 6d.

A Description of a New Agricultural Implement, which, by the power of One Horse, performs a variety of operations in Cultivation, at the rate of three Acres per day; by Major General Alexander Beatson. 8vo.

A View of the Agriculture, Manufac tures, Statistics, and State of Society of Germany, and parts of Holland and France; by William Jacob, Esq. F. R. S. 4to. L. 1, 15s.

Grisenthwaite's New Theory of Agricul ture, in which the nature of Soils, Crops, and Manures is explained, and the application of Bones, Gypsum, Lime, Chalk, &c. determined on Scientific Principles.

58.

The Farmer's Memorandum Book for 1821, or journal of country business and VOL. VIII.

accounts throughout the year. 4to, 10s. 6d. to be continued annually.

ARCHITECTURE.

Plans, Elevations, Sections, and Description of the Pauper Lunatic Asylum, lately erected at Wakefield; by Watson and Pritchet, Architects, York. Medium folio, L. 2, 12s. 6d. Royal with proof plates, L. 3, 3s.

Observations on the Construction and fitting up of Meeting Houses for Public Worship, Illustrated by Plans, Sections, and Description; including one lately erected in the City of York, embracing in particular the Method of Warming and Ventilating; by William Alexander. 4to.

98.

BIOGRAPHY.

Memoirs of the Life of Nicholas Poussin; by Maria Graham, 8vo, with a Portrait. 10s. 6d.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

A Catalogue of a Miscellaneous Collection of Books, Ancient and Modern, with a Collection of Curious and Rare Prints; by John Heaton, Leeds.

K

Nature, Nos. 1 and 2; by John Varley. oblong folio, 5s. each.

Catalogue of Books, for 1821, contain ing various Classic and other Literature; by S. Hayes. 2s. 6d.

BOTANY.

The Botanical Cultivator; or, Instructions for the Management of Plants cultivated in the Hot-houses of Great Britain; by Robert Sweet, F. L. S. 8vo. 10s. 6d.

CLASSICS.

Classical Excursion from Rome to Arpino, comprising Dissertations on the political conduct observed by Cicero on his Villas and Monuments; by Charles Kelsall. 128.

Numbers XXI. and XXII. of the Delphin and Variorum Classics. Tacitus. The Classical, Biblical, and Oriental Journal, No. XLIV.

COMMERCE.

A Manual of Foreign Exchanges, Monies, &c. &c. intended as an Assistant to the Counting-house. 12mo. 4s.

A Collection of the Treaties and Conventions at present subsisting between Great Britain and Foreign/Powers, compiled from authentic Documents; by Lewis Hertslet, Esq. Librarian, Foreign Office. 2 vols. 8vo. L. 1, 4s.

DRAMA.

A Wild Goose Chase: a Farce; by H. Jameson, Esq. 2s.

Wallace a Tragedy, by C. E. Walker, Esq. 3s.

John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, an Historical Play in Five Acts. 8vo. 2s.

EDUCATION.

Soirées Litteraires; or, a few Hints upon the French Language. 3s.

The Cambridge Problems from 1801 to 1820. 10. 6d.

Conversations on English Grammar, in a series of familiar Dialogues between a Mother and her Daughters; by Honoria Williams. 3s. 6d.

The Mental Calculator: being a compendium of general rules for the solution of various Problems in Astronomy; with explanatory illustrations. To which is ádded, a Guide to the Constellations; by P. Lovekin. 3s. half-bound.

A Geographical Exercise Book; by C. Robertson. 3s. 6d.

A Key to Ditto, for the use of Teachers. 2s.

Esop, in Rhyme, with some Originals; by Jefferys Taylor, of Ongar. 12mo. 4s. half-bound.

Catechism of Classical Biography, containing an Account of the Lives of the most celebrated Characters among the Greeks and Romans; by C. Irving, LL.D.

18mo. 1s.

Treatise on the Principles of Landscape Design, Nos. 1 to 7; by John Varley. folio, 5s. each.

Practical Treatise on Perpective, adapted for the Study of those who draw from

Selections of Classic Italian Poetry, from the works of Tasso, Ariosto, &c. for the use of Students in the Italian language; by B. T. B. Defferari. 2 vols, 12mo, 12s. bds.

FINE ARTS.

Views in Ceylon, a Series of six Engravings, highly finished in colours, illustrative of Candyan Scenery, Costumes, &c. L. 5, 5s.

No. VIII. of the English Lakes, containing four Coloured Plates. 4to. 6s. large paper, 10s. 6d.

No. XXIV. of the Cabinet of Arts, with four plates. royal 4to, 3s.

Boydell's Illustrations of Holy Writ; being a series of 100 Copperplate Engrav. ings, from Original Drawings; by J. Taylor. Royal 4to, L. 6, 6s. imperial, on India paper, L. 8, 8s.

Illustrations of the Monastery; engraved by C. Heath, from Drawings by R. Westall, R. A. 12mo. 9s. 6d. Evo, 12s. 6d. 4to. proof, L. 1, 4s.

GEOGRAPHY.

An Historical and Geographical Memoir of the North American Continent, its Nations and Tribes; by the Rev. James Bently Gordon. 4to, L. 2, boards.

Illyria Dalmatia; being a Description of the Manners, Customs, Dresses, and Character of their Inhabitants and those of the adjacent Countries, with 32 Coloured Engravings. 2 vols. 12mo, 12s.

HISTORY.

New South Wales; being an Historical Account of the Colony and its Settlements; with 12 views. engraved by W. Preston, a convict, from drawings by Capt. Wallis, 46th regiment, with a map of Port Macquarie and the newly discovered River Hastings; by J. Oxley, Esq. 4to. L. 2, 2s.

The History of the Rebellion in 1745 and 1746, with portraits of both the Pretenders, from original pictures; by the Chevalier de Johnstone, translated from a French MS. originally deposited in the Scots College at Paris, and now in the hands of the publishers. 4to. L. 2, 2s.

The History of Parga and the Ionian Islands, from the earliest period to the present day, illustrated by maps; by Col. de Bosset. 8vo.

Pictures, Historical and Biographical, drawn from English, Scottish, and Irish History; by John Galt, Esq. 2 vols. foolscap 8vo. 14s.

A View of the History, Literature, and Religion of the Hindoos; including a minute description of their manners and customs; by the Rev. W. Ward, of Serampore, Bengal. Vols. III, and IV. 8vo.