766. Libàni Barr.
766a. Deodara Roxb.
7666. ARAUCA`RIA im-
bricata Pav.

767. to 769. THUJA L.
767. occidentalis L.
768. orientalis L.
769. orientális tatárica
Hort.

770. to 772c. CUPRE'S-
SUS L.

770. sempervirens L.
771. sempervirens hori-
zontális Mil.Dic.
772. thyöìdes L.
772a. torulosa Lamb.
7726. expánsa Audibert.
772c. Tournefórti Aud.
773. and 774. TAXO`DI-
UM Rich.

773. dístichum Rich.
774. distichum sinense

péndulum Hort.

The supplementary species added since the list was first made out, and which have letters after the numbers, amount to 111, which makes the total number of species and varieties contained in the Arboretum 913; or, with the addition of the 100 sorts of roses planted in the belt, 1013.

II. HISTORY AND PROPOSED MANAGEMENT.

In giving a brief outline of the history of the formation of the Derby Arboretum, and of the manner in which I think it ought to be managed afterwards, I shall first notice the object in view in forming the garden, its situation, and the instructions on which I proceeded in forming the design; next, my reasons for its main features; and, thirdly, an outline of what I propose should be its future management.

THE OBJECT IN VIEW, SITUATION, AND INSTRUCTIONS.

The subject to be created is a public garden of recreation for the general population of the town of Derby. It is to be formed on a certain piece of ground, the property of Joseph Strutt, Esq., and completed at his expense; afterwards, the whole is to be presented by that gentleman to the Corporation of Derby, on certain conditions, and to be kept up at their expense.

The situation is in the outskirts of the town; the extent about 11 acres ; the form long, narrow, and irregular, as shown by the plan, fig. 52.; the surface is flat, apparently level, but with a very gentle inclination from the north-east to the south-west; and the soil is loamy, on a gravelly or loamy subsoil. The situation is open, but not much exposed to high winds; water is to be found at the usual depth to which wells are dug, and there is one small pond which is never dry at any period of the year. Every part of the ground admits of drainage; but all the drains must terminate at the southeast corner, where alone the water can escape. The soil is particularly well adapted for the growth of trees, as is evident from the belt which surrounds great part of the grounds, and which was planted some years ago by Mr. Strutt. The most important feature in this piece of ground, with reference to its adaptation for a garden of recreation, is, that there is no distant prospect, or view beyond the grounds, worthy of being taken into consideration in laying them out; or at least none that may not, in a very few years, be shut out by the buildings of the town, which are increasing fast on every side.

The instructions given to me by Mr. Strutt respecting laying out this piece of ground were, that the garden was intended to be one of recreation for the inhabitants of Derby and the neighbourhood, and for all other persons who chose to come and see it; that it should be open two days in the week, and that one of these days should be Sunday, during proper hours; and that on other days a small sum should be required from persons entering the garden; or yearly admissions should be granted for certain moderate sums. That the gardens should be so laid out and arranged as not to be expensive to keep up; that a flower-garden and cottage, with the plantations already existing, should, if possible, be preserved; that a tool-house covered with ivy should also be preserved; that two lodges with gates, at the two extremities, should be built; and that each lodge should have a room, to be considered as a public room, into which strangers might go and sit down, taking their own refreshments with them, without any charge being made by the occupant of the lodge, unless some assistance, such as hot water, plates, knives and forks, &c., were required, in which case a small voluntary gratuity might be given. That there should be proper yards and conveniences at each lodge for the use of the public, apart from those to be exclusively used by the occupant of the lodge. That there should be open spaces in two or more parts of the garden, in which large tents might be pitched, a band of music placed, dancing carried on, &c. That certain vases and pedestals now in the flower-garden, and also certain others in Mr. Strutt's garden in Derby, should be retained or introduced; and, finally, that some directions should be left for the management of the garden.

REASONS FOR THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE PLAN.

In endeavouring to accommodate the design submitted to Mr. Strutt to his instructions and to the situation, the first point determined on was, that the whole interest of the garden should be contained within itself. The mode of doing this was next to be considered; when it appeared that a general botanic garden would be too expensive, both to create and to keep up; that a mere composition of trees and shrubs with turf, in the manner of a common pleasure-ground, would become insipid after being seen two or three times; and, in short, that the most suitable kind of public garden, for all the circumstances included in the above data, was an arboretum, or collection of trees and shrubs, foreign and indigenous, which would endure the open air in the climate of Derby, with the names placed to each. Such a collection will have all the ordinary beauties of a pleasure-ground viewed as a whole; and yet, from no tree or shrub occurring twice in the whole collection, and from the name of every tree and shrub being placed against it, an inducement is held out for those who walk in the garden to take an interest in the name and history of each species, its uses in this country or in other countries, its appearance at different seasons of the year, and the various associations connected with it.

A similar interest might, no doubt, have been created by a collection of herbaceous plants; but this collection, to be effective in such a space of ground, must have amounted to at least 5000 species; and to form such a collection, and keep it up, would have been much more expensive than forming the most complete collection of trees and shrubs that can at present be made in Britain. It is further to be observed respecting a collection of herbaceous plants, that it would have presented no beauty or interest whatever during the winter season; whereas, among trees and shrubs, there are all the evergreen kinds, which are more beautiful in winter than in summer; while the deciduous kinds, at that season, show an endless variety in the ramification of their branches and spray, the colour of their bark, and the colour and form of their buds. Add also, that trees and shrubs, and especially evergreens, give shelter and encouragement to singing birds, to which herbaceous plants offer little or no shelter or food.

There are yet other arguments in favour of trees and shrubs for a garden of recreation, which are worth notice. Herbaceous plants are low, small, and

to have any effect must be numerous; while, to acquire their names, and look into their beauties, persons walking in the garden must stand still, and stoop down, which, when repeated several times, would soon, instead of a recreation, become very fatiguing. Now trees and shrubs are large objects, and there is scarcely one of them the beauty of which may not be seen and enjoyed by the spectator while he is walking past it, and without standing still at all. A herbaceous plant is chiefly interesting for its flowers, and the form of its foliage, in which in general there is little change of colour; but, to these two sources of interest, trees and shrubs add the opening buds in spring, the colour of the unexpanded foliage immediately after it has burst from the bud, the fine green tinged with some other colour which the first leaves assume when they are fully expanded, and which continues more or less till the middle of June; the intensely deep green of summer, which continues till the end of July; the first changes of autumn to red or yellow, which commence in August; and the dying off of all the different shades of red, crimson, yellow, orange, brown, and purple, which continues taking place till Christmas; while some deciduous trees, such as the beech and hornbeam, the common oak in certain soils kept moist, and the Quércus Taúzin in all soils and situations, retain their leaves, after they have become brown, till the following May. There are also, in deciduous trees, the colour and bloom of the young shoots of the current year; the different colour which the bark of these shoots in many cases assumes the year following (Salix decípiens, for example); and the colour and texture of the older shoots, and of the branches and trunk. In addition to these sources of interest, there is a very great beauty in trees, which, from the improper planting of artificial plantations, is often overlooked, or rather concealed; and that is, the ramification of the main surface roots at the point where they join the trunk. In general, trees are planted so deep that this ramification never appears above the surface, and the trunk of the tree seems fixed in the ground like a post which had been driven into it; an appearance as contrary to truth and nature, and also to the health of the tree, as the shaft of a column without a base or a capital would, if employed in a building, be to architectural taste. To prevent this monstrous and unnatural appearance from occurring in the Derby Arboretum, I have directed all the trees to be planted on little hills, the width of the base being three times the height of the hill, so that the junction of the main roots with the base of the trunk will appear above ground.

Much more might be said to justify the preference which I have given to an arboretum over every other kind of arrangement for the Derby Garden, but I consider any farther remarks on the subject unnecessary.

A glance at the plan, fig. 52. in p. 522., will show that I have provided as great an extent of gravel walk as the space would admit of; the total length, including the walk round the flower-garden, exceeding a mile. There is a straight broad walk in the centre, as a main feature from the principal entrance; an intersecting broad and straight walk to form a centre to the garden, and to constitute a point of radiation to all the other walks; and there is a winding walk surrounding the whole. As a straight walk without a terminating object is felt to be deficient in meaning, a statue on a pedestal is proposed for the radiating centre i in fig. 52.; a pedestal, with a vase, urn, or other object, for the second circle in the straight walk fig. 52. k; while the pavilions fig. 54. form terminating objects to the broad cross walk.

As a terminal object gives meaning to a straight walk leading to it, so it is only by creating artificial obstructions that meaning can be given to a winding walk over a flat surface. These obstructions may either be inequalities in the ground, or the occurrence of trees or shrubs in the line which the walk would otherwise have taken, so as to force it to bend out of that line. Both these resources have been employed in laying down the direction of the surrounding walk, though its deviation from a straight line has chiefly been made in conformity with the varying position of the trees in the belt already existing. This belt, and also the trees in the flower-garden, and in other parts of the plan, which were there previously to commencing operations, and which are