mixture of loam, leaf-mould, cucumber-soil, and white sand, well incorporated together. The plants must be pricked out into boxes, and, when large enough, potted into small pots well drained; and they must be shifted as they may require it, till they are potted into 24- and 16-sized pots. They will require to be smoked frequently to destroy the aphides. They are best grown under glass, either in frames, or in a vinery where they can have plenty of air and light. In July they will perhaps require to be placed in a shady place out in the open air; the pots had better be placed upon boards, slates, or something of that sort, to prevent the roots from getting through; and occasionally watered with dung-water. I always cut off the runners, and likewise the flower stems, till about August; and I find that the fruit is much improved by thinning out a portion of the blooms and stems; and by attending to this point there may be good fruit from September to January. I place in August and September a portion of the plants upon a peach-house shelf, where they have always plenty of air and sun, and are sheltered from heavy showers of rain. I keep the plants upon shelves by the front sashes of a fig-house, for the late crops. In 1837, by this method, I had alpine strawberries particularly fine, and till after Christmas; and at that season of the year they are a great acquisition at a dinner party. I gathered a very nice dish on the 31st ult., and have plants in fruit and blossom at this time, 10th January, 1840.

Alpine Strawberries in the open Ground.-The plants that have been forced, I have planted out in the open quarter in rows 2 ft. 6 in. apart, and plants 2 ft. apart in the rows, in the spring; the ground being well dunged and dug in the autumn and winter previous. At the time of planting I point in a little sand; and I put the balls entire from the pots into a trench prepared for them. The runners must always be taken off; and also the flower stems, till they may be wanted for fruit. I let a few plants go to flower, and ripen fruit, to succeed the other sorts; so that I have had strawberries from the forced plants (Keen's seedling, &c.), till they came from the south borders, quarters, north borders, then alpines; and, when they were killed by the frost, I then had my plants in pots, ready to succeed them, to this time. I have saved some seed from the alpines, which have been crossed by the old Carolina. I gathered from 112 ft. of rows of strawberry plants, 56 pints of strawberries, besides what were spoiled with rain, &c. I think it would be useful to put straw, fern, &c., between the rows, to keep the fruit clean; and, if there were a thin board to stand on, the ground would not be trodden so solid. The plant will require plenty of water in hot weather.

Frithsden Gardens, Ashridge, Jan. 10. 1840.

ART. X. On the Culture of the Chicory as a Winter Salad.
By JAMES CUTHILL.

THE specimen of chicory root which I exhibited in the Horticultural Society's Rooms in December was 15 in. long, and of proportionate thickness; and it was allowed by Dr. Lindley to be a very superior sort of chicory. The doctor, when speaking of it, observed that in general chicory was not liked, on account of its being so very bitter; the same was stated by Mr. Johnson, at a lecture he gave at Kennington Horns: but not a single gardener knew it in either of the rooms, and some went so far as to say that it was a bad specimen of a white carrot. Now, I grew chicory for four years at Dyrham Park, and it was very much liked by all the family, and no one prided himself more on a good salad than Captain Totter; and, on company days, the empty salad bowl showed how much it was liked by the company. Now, I have another proof that chicory is not disliked on account of its bitterness, and that is, my friend Mr. Cockburn at Kenwood has grown it for some years, and his noble master very much approves of it; and I am sure the persons who partake of this salad at Kenwood must be very numerous.

I

hope the above proofs will induce gardeners to give the chicory a fair trial. I have never talked with any traveller who has not always praised the foreign salads, which every body knows are principally composed of chicory; and is it reasonable to suppose that an English gentleman will give the foreigners great credit, and condemn the same article in England? No, no; it is the gardener's fault. My time of sowing chicory is about the first of June, either by broadcast or drills. When the plants are up, thin them to 1 ft. apart, and keep the ground free from weeds; take the roots up in November, and lay them by exactly like beet roots. When the endive is over, plant your chicory in 16-sized pots, five in each pot. Cover the plants over with 24-sized pots. Exclude all air, place them in a forcing-house or frame, and each pot will afford three or four cuttings. Experience will soon teach how many pots will be required. A dark mushroom-house, where a fire is kept, is excellent for growing chicory, without a border made on purpose; a cellar is also a good place for growing the main supply for spring, but it will not do to trust to a cellar for an early crop, it being too cold. I grew chicory in a cellar at Dyrham Park, and the produce was immense in March and April, from two to three hundred roots. I have saved the true sorts of chicory, and shall have a good supply of seed for 1841.

Love Walk, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, Jan. 1840.

ART. XI. On the Culture of Seymour's Superb White Celery. By JAMES SEYMOUR.

THIS celery, raised by my father in 1830, is noticed in the Gardener's Magazine for 1839, p. 96., where the dimensions and weight to which it has been grown are mentioned. I sow the seed for the first crop in the first week in February, in boxes filled with light rich loam; the top soil being finely sifted. I place them on a flue in a pine-pit, taking care that the soil does not get dry. When the plants are ripe, I remove the boxes to a vinery. When the plants are in rough leaf, I have them pricked into a frame, placed on a slight hot-bed. As soon as they are 5 or 6 inches high, and sufficiently hardened, I finally plant them out in the trenches, 9 in. apart, in a mixture of fresh loam, rotten dung, and a small quantity of sheep-dung. The second crop I sow the first week in March, and treat them in a similar manner.

I have my trenches made 2 ft. wide, 1 ft. deep, and 8 ft. apart from centre to centre. They are thrown out in the autumn for my first crop; and I then occupy the ridges with hand-glass cauliflowers for my main crop. I have the trenches thrown out about Christmas, and occupy the ridges with early peas, from which I have had the finest crops I ever saw. The trenches I have made as near a water tank as possible, that they may receive an abundant supply during summer, for without this fine celery cannot be grown.

I dug up two heads of Seymour's superb white celery on September 12. 1839, which weighed, when dressed for table, 44lb. Two heads, on the 19th of November, 4 lb., ready dressed. By superior cultivation it has been grown much finer than I have grown it. Mr. J. Kingston, mentioned in your vol. for 1839, p. 96., has grown it, averaging the weight of each head, and taking two rows of 24 yds. in length each row, from 9 lb. to 10 lb. after the soil and outside leaves have been taken off. Mr. G. Seymour (a cousin of mine) has grown it rather larger, the plants in both cases being received direct from my father.

One great advantage of growing this celery is, that it is never hollow in the leaf-stalk, and is less liable to run than any other I have heard of. Last year, out of two rows, each 30 yds. long, planted from the first sowing, I had but three plants run. The red sort does not stand so well as the white for an early crop, but much better for a late one; it being more hardy and equally fine in flavour.

This sort has been grown by our family for nine or ten years, and by a few friends who have received plants from us in the spring, not having seed for distribution. It is rather shy in producing seed; I believe my father has not been able to save any for several years, which is one reason the sort is so little known, and so sparingly given to the public, and until last year it was not to be had of any seedsman. Messrs. Brown, at Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, had a small quantity of seed of the red sort; and Mr. J. Lane, nurseryman and seedsman of Great Berkhamstead, Herts, informs me, he has been fortunate enough to save a small quantity of seed of the white sort, by planting a few plants given to him by me on a south border, and he intends sending it out this spring at 2s. 6d. per packet.

I hope my brother gardeners will endeavour to procure this sort as soon as possible, and save seed from it, so that it may soon get into the hands of all seedsmen.

Kitchen-Garden, Ashridge, Dec. 1839.

REVIEWS.

ART. I. Catalogue of Works on Gardening, Agriculture, Botany, Rural Architecture, &c., lately published, with some Account of those considered the more interesting.

THE Theory of Horticulture; or, an Attempt to Explain the Principal Operations of Gardening upon Physiological Principles. By John Lindley, Ph.D. F.R. S., &c. 8vo, pp. 387, numerous woodcuts. London, 1840.

The name of the author is a sufficient guarantee for the excellence of this work, which will henceforth be considered essential to the library of every gardener, young and old. It combines the essence of all that has been written by Mr. Knight on vegetable physiology, and of much that has appeared in other works, foreign and domestic, together with the author's experience, observation, and reasoning. This book, Dr. Lindley's Introduction to Botany, Kollar's Insects, and the Second Part, containing the Natural Arrangement, of our Hortus Britannicus, form a garden library that may be said to contain the essence of every other book that a gardener can want.

A Treatise on Insects injurious to Gardeners, Foresters, and Farmers. By Vincent Kollar, Curator of the Royal Cabinet of Natural History at Translated from the Vienna, and Member of many learned Societies. German, and illustrated with engravings, by J. and M. Loudon. With Notes by J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S., &c., Secretary to the Entomological Society. Small 8vo, pp. 377, numerous woodcuts. London, 1840. We have announced this work as forthcoming in our preceding volume, and also strongly recommended it there, having perused great part of it in manuscript. The treatise is exceedingly valuable in itself from the many original observations which it contains, and which are not to be found in any other work whatever; and this value is greatly increased to the English reader by the notes of Mr. Westwood; and to the practical gardener, forester, and farmer, by the numerous and beautiful wood-engravings. The value of the word to practical men may be judged of by the following summary of its con

tents:

Introduction. On the advantages of studying entomology by the gardener, agriculturist, and forester, and on the method of doing so.

Sketch

of insects, and their classification, transformations, food, distribution and habitat, uses, means of defence against. Section I. Subsect. 1. Insects which do not live on the body, but are troublesome from their attacks on 2. Insects which live on domestic animals, man, containing 13 articles.

containing 9 articles. 3. Insects, not parasitical, but which sometimes

4.

attack domestic animals, containing one article on the Hungarian gnat. Insects which injure bees, containing 6 articles. - Section II. Insects which injure grain in a growing state, and in the granary; and which are injurious to meadows, fodder plants, and culinary vegetables. Subsect. 1. Insects which injure grain, containing 11 articles. 2. Insects injurious to meadows, containing 4 articles. 3. Insects injurious to culinary vegetables, containing 20 articles. Section III. Insects which injure the vine, green-house, and hothouse plants, orchards, and woods. Subsect. 1. Insects which injure the vine, containing 6 articles. 2. Insects which particularly injure green-house and hot-house plants, containing 11 articles. 3. Insects injurious to fruit trees, containing 37 articles. 4. Insects which are destructive to woods and forests. A. Insects destructive to deciduous trees, containing 4 articles. B. Insects destructive to the pine and fir tribe, containing 20 articles.

If we were asked what book we would recommend to a young gardener to study entomology as a science, we should recommend the elementary works of Mr. Westwood and Mr. Ingpen; but, if the question were how to get a practical knowledge of insects, and the mode of defeating their attacks, without much study of technicalities, we should unquestionably recommend Kollar, as by far the best book for the practical gardener, forester, and farmer, hitherto published in the English language. This work, and Dr. Lindley's Theory of Horticulture, are two of the best gardening books that have been published for several years.

Annual Flower Seeds sold by E. Sang and Sons, Nursery and Seedsmen. Square 12mo, pp. 14. Kirkcaldy, 1840.

Fruit Trees grown by E. Sang and Sons, Nursery and Seedsmen. Square 12mo, pp. 19. Kirkcaldy, 1839.

Seeds and Implements sold by E. Sang and Sons, Nursery and Seedsmen. pp. 35. Kirkcaldy, 1840.

A List of Geraniums cultivated and sold by E. Sang and Sons. 4to. Kirkcaldy, 1840.

open at both ends like under 2 oz." at the top Catalogues for 1840,"

We received the above little books under a cover, those put on newspapers, with the words " Paid of the cover, and the words "E. Sang and Sons' printed at the bottom. The package was pre-paid 4d. We mention this as a hint to other nurserymen.

There is a table of

The Catalogue of Annuals is got up with great taste. packets from No. 1. to No. 8., varying in price from 6d. to 16s.; the first containing four" of the prettiest sorts," and the last, No. 8., containing one hundred "of the prettiest sorts," which, at 16s., is less than 2d. a sort. The names of the 100 are given, and afterwards 229 sorts of annuals are shortly described. We have no doubt that half a dozen seeds of the whole of these 229 sorts might be obtained for 27. and that they would not weigh more than a prepaid fourpenny letter. So great a number of sorts would make a magnificent display in a flower-garden, without the aid of either perennials or bulbs; and the beauty of annuals is, that they will grow and flower in all climates from the frigid to the torrid zone.

The Fruit Tree Catalogue, by means of abbreviations, and a column of remarks, contains a great deal of information, and the selection of fruits is peculiarly adapted for Scotland.

The Catalogue of Seeds and Implements contains a Kitchen-garden Kalendar, arranged on one side of a folding leaf about the size of an octavo page, which is a model of comprehensiveness and condensation. The Catalogue of Implements is the most complete one which we have ever seen. It contains about 150 articles, with their prices varying from 3d., the price of a common dibble, to 22s. that of a brass syringe. Messrs. Sang's example, we trust, will be followed by many other nurserymen, and prove beneficial to all.

Appendix to the First Twenty-three Volumes of Edwards's Botanical Register; consisting of a complete Alphabetical and Systematical Index of Names, Synonymes, and Matter, adjusted to the present State of Systematical Botany; together with a Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. With nine coloured Plates, containing eighteen coloured Figures of Plants, and with four Woodcuts. By John Lindley, Ph. D., F.R.S. and L.S., Professor of Botany in University College, London, &c. &c. 8vo, pp. 58. London,

1839.

This work is most interesting on account of its letterpress, and the very beautiful coloured plates by which it is illustrated; and, as containing an Index to the whole of the Botanical Register, it will be found of the greatest value to the possessors of that work, and indeed to botanists generally. We have only therefore to repeat the strong recommendations which we gave of it in our preceding volume.

A Flora of North America; containing abridged Descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalised Plants growing north of Mexico; arranged according to the Natural System. By John Torrey and Asa Gray. Parts I. and II. 8vo, pp. 360. New York, 1838.

This work is to consist of three closely printed 8vo volumes of about 550 pages each. The first volume will comprise the exogenous polypetalous plants, and of it two parts have already appeared. Judging from these parts, and the high reputation of the authors, there is every reason to believe that the work will be worthy of the present state of scientific and practical botany in America. In the two parts before us, we are happy to observe a disposition to simplify and combine, rather than to multiply species and varieties. The reductions which have taken place in the genera Vitis, Ampelópsis, and especially Rhús, are in our opinion extremely judicious. Those in Vitis, we think, might even have been carried farther. After this Flora is completed, the next grand step of the Americans will be to collect all the plants of their country into one garden, and there cultivate and study them; but this cannot be expected to be done soon in a new country, when it has not yet been done in Europe. In the meantime the botanists of every country will hail the appearance of this new Flora of North America with satisfaction, and anxiously desire its completion.

Otia Hispanica, seu Delectus Plantarum rariorum aut nondum rite notarum per Hispanias sponte nascentium. Auctore Philippo Barker Webb. Partus I. "A Selection of the rarer or imperfectly known Plants indigenous to Spain. By Philip Barker Webb." 1839. Fol. pp. 8; five folio plates, besides an ornamental title. Paris, Brockhouse; London, Coxhead.

The plates are of Hólcus cæspitòsus Boiss., Artemisia granaténsis Boiss., Cytisus tribracteolàtus Webb, Adenocarpus Boissièri Webb, and Salsòla genistöìdes Poir. A page of letterpress is devoted to the description of each species; and, in p. 6, 7, 8., there is a revision of the Chenopodiacea of Spain. Adenocarpus Boissièri being found between 4000 ft. and 5000 ft. above the level of the sea, along with Picea Pinsapo, will, in all probability, prove as hardy as that species in British gardens.

Bayldon's Art of valuing Rents and Tillages, and the Tenant's Right on entering and quitting Farms, explained by several Specimens of Valuations, and Remarks on the Cultivation pursued on Soils in different Situations. Adapted to the Use of Landlords, Land- Agents, Appraisers, Farmers, and Tenants. Fifth edition, rewritten and enlarged. By John Donaldson. 8vo. London, 1840.

Bayldon's Rents and Tillages have been many years before the public, and the work may now be said to be rewritten by one of the best practical agriculturists in the country. Mr Donaldson is a native of the South of Scotland, and has