by the changes of time, covered by quite three feet of water. A standard in his geography, Mr. Horace Welch, has made hundreds his debtor by navigating over and pointing out the ruins.

The centre division was formed of the grenadiers, Highlanders, and the rest of the regulars, with the first and fourth battalions of the Royal Americans and Rangers, commanded by Lord Howe. The right and left wings were formed of the Provincials; the advance guard, in great strength, was commanded by Colonel Gage on the right, and Major Rogers on the left. The entire fleet consisted of nine hundred batteaux, one hundred and thirty-five whale-boats, numerous rafts carrying the artillery, and the two immense floating castles, highly decorated, each with two mounted cannon. This preceded directly the central column, and from them the English flag waved the highest. The parallel columns, now moving, extended from shore to shore and covered the lake for seven miles and-a-half. The advance guard, the rafts and castles extended one mile farther on. In the narrower places, passing Diamond and other islands, they defiled, forming subdivisions.

Twenty-five miles brought the army to Sabbath-Day Point at five in the afternoon. Here the army halted till ten o'clock, lighting immense fires at nine, which illuminated the picturesque scenery with their vast numbers, and favored the belief, with the French, a large advance of which were known to be in the neighborhood, that the army was to rest here till morning. It however moved onward, Lord Howe in front, accompanied by Colonel Bradstreet, Major Rogers, and Lieutenant Holmes; and the latter was despatched from this advance to observe the landing place, and the force of the enemy there. He returned and reported a party in possession, which he discovered by their fires, and which immediately deserted on the approach of the main

army.

And now of the French: to them the vast preparations, under Abercrombie, for the capture of Ticonderoga were known early in the summer; and the night fires and the morning light revealed their fearful strength to their advance, and even to the eagle eye of Montcalm, who with a scout had left his camp for the purpose of observation. The Governor of Canada, the Marquis de Vandreuil, displayed his energy in bringing to the defence his bravest men. Montcalm had arrived at the Fort on the twentieth of June, and pushing on with six regiments, he encamped at the Lower Falls,' now the village of Ticonderoga, half-way between the Fort and the landing. On the first of July, he sent a large detachment from his own encampment here, and on the second others followed; and pushing on over the mountains, descried the vastness of the display at Sabbath-Day Point.

Two miles himself from the landing, Montcalm was advised of every position and movement of Abercrombie, and also of the fatigue his advanced regiments had suffered in their hurried march back to the vicinity of the landing and his own camp. They knew the importance of this intelligence to Montcalm and their own safety. Three hundred men were ordered as if to oppose the landing, but in reality to watch the proceedings; for on the debarkation of the English they fled, setting fire to their tents, and destroying all in their power, such as ovens,

provisions and liquors. But,' says one English account, a great number of sheep, poultry, a prisoner and one dead man, we found in their logged camp.' Hurrying on one mile, they apprised M. de Bourlemaque, and joining him, with his detachment of five hundred Frenchmen and Indians, they retreated to unite with Montcalm at his main camp. There can be no doubt of the consternation of the French in their present situation, pressed on in this most hurried manner by the immense advance of the English. Although well skilled in the geography of the forest, they were bewildered.

Our army on landing at nine o'clock, had formed and marched toward the enemy in four columns, preceded with all his rangers, by Major Rogers, who was ordered to take position on the mountain which bears north, on the left, one mile. Here the view of Rogers was complete; but the columns were advancing, and at the moment, none of his information was available. He saw Montcalm distinctly, with his main force posted on the south, within much less distance than cannon shot, and estimated his numbers at fifteen hundred. And the right column of the centre division, commanded by Lord Howe, having advanced to near the little rivulet (called now Trout Brook,' which enters the outlet of the lake near the 'lower falls,') fell in with the French, at this time half confused, as before mentioned. In his column were Colonels Lyman, Fitch and Delancey, with their provincial regiments, who had formed his front and received their first fire. Rogers at this moment so received from the French, was informing his superiors of the position of the enemy under Montcalm, and for the instant believed the French in great numbers, in ambush. Captain Burbank with one hundred and fifty men, was ordered to remain at Rogers's first position to watch the motion of Montcalm, while Rogers himself, with the remainder of his force, fell upon the enemy's leftthe river covering the right.

Rallying from their bewilderment, and desperate in their position, believing themselves hemmed in on all sides, the fire of the French and their Indians was severe, and the action became general. From the uneven nature of the ground, and the densely thick and tangled underbrush, there was little form or order now in the battle; and scarcely a company of fifty could remain in line or form in any position, formidable or imposing. The sun was bright, and shining through the thickbranched trees, and revealing distinctly the determined face of each. The struggle was hand to hand, between the Frenchman and the Saxon. Now rushing farther forward to the strongest position of the French, Lord Howe, apparently baring his breast to scores, saw the very musket aiming and within twenty feet of him, which a moment more he would have stricken down; but which alas! discharged too soon the fated messenger by which he was instantly killed. Governor Delancey of New-York was within fifteen feet of him when the ball pierced directly the young nobleman's breast, and leaping forward, with others whose eyes had been intent on the fearless hero, the pride of the army and the hope of his country fell into the arms of those who loved him. He is dead,' said Delancey; 'onward every one, and avenge his death!'

Enraged at the loss of their favorite, the provincials, rangers, and some of the English regulars fought with renewed earnestness and energy. The French, disdaining to yield, would make no formal surrender; but being overpowered and pressed in every direction by the vastly outnumbering English, were slain or captured singly, in their ambuscades, or behind trees, in parties of two or three. Two hundred were killed, one hundred and forty-eight taken prisoners, and the remainder, supposed to be about seventy-five, escaped in the depths of the forest. The loss of the English, killed and severely wounded, was twenty-two, including Lord Howe. So closed the events and catastrophe of the day; the army that night resting on the battle-ground.

The single loss of Lord Howe neutralized those triumphant reflections usual after a victory. The leading spirit of the expedition, his fall was considered ominous that the whole was ill-starred; and the darkness of night but harmonized with the forebodings of nearly all the army. 'He was,' said Abercrombie, 'very deservedly and universally beloved and respected throughout the whole army. It is easy to conceive the grief and consternation his untimely fall occasioned. I cannot help owning that I felt it most heavily, and lament him as sincerely.'

No death at that time, nor in the campaign of that year, could have created more universal regret. From every section of the empire, in court, in camp, and even in the domestic circles of the provincials, were echoed the same feelings of mourning which pervaded the army that had been under his immediate command. He was the favorite of Pitt, and greatly beloved by him. George Grenville, August twenty-third, 1758, in his letter of condolence to the minister, says: I was not personally acquainted with Lord Howe, but I admired his virtuous, gallant character, and regret his loss accordingly. You have a melancholy task indeed, affected as you justly are with this public and private sorrow, to communicate the death of Lord Howe to a mother and brother that most tenderly loved him.' Early after the news of his death reached England, the mother, Spartan-like, wrote to her son then at Louisbourg, urging him to be brave in the service of his country. Perish you,' said she, 'with your sword, or upon it! Sustain and perpetuate the name and the fame of him you so fondly loved.' She also published the following address to his countrymen in the public papers of the day:

'To the Gentlemen, Clergy, Freeholders and Burgesses of the Town and County of Nottingham: 'As Lord Howe is now absent upon the public service, and Lieutenant-Colonel Howe is with his regiment at Louisbourg, it rests upon me to beg the favor of your votes and interest that LieutenantColonel Howe may supply the place of his late brother as your representative in Parliament. Permit me, therefore, to implore the protection of every one of you, as the mother of him whose life has been lost in the service of his country.

'Albemarle-street, September 14, 1758.'

CHARLOTTE HOWE.

The Assembly of Massachusetts voted and made a liberal appropriation, of which the people heartily approved, for the erection of a monument to be placed in Westminster Abbey; and there, among the heroes of Britain, is placed a remembrance of his virtues and of his fame by the munificence of that old colony. This,' said the king, is doubly gratifying; it showed him loved where his services were best known.

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It is the boon of a grateful and brave people. The North-American colonists knew him well.'

To New-York fell the trust of receiving and safely guarding his remains; and, if for no other reason, the ancient city of Albany may be considered interesting in historical reminiscence, for within its borders were enacted very many of the interesting events of his life, and with its soil mingled the ashes of one of the bravest and most companionable heroes of the times, and the favorite grandson of a good old king. For nearly a century legends of his life, and incidents attending his death have been faithfully treasured by the Schuylers and the Cochrans; and to the most eloquent descendant of that generation who were the companions of the young nobleman, our townsman, John Cochran, may we not look for some scattered leaves in the history of a nobleman who marked the age with republican simplicity and valor?

Till within the last third of a century an old ranger lived who was in that battle, and who often made pilgrimages to the very spot where Lord Howe fell; and he has pointed it out to many who yet live to identify it. No monument marks it; and it is to be regretted that the road now most commonly travelled diverges from the main battleground. Nearly one mile north from the Lower Falls, on the outlet of Lake George, close by the little rivulet called Trout Brook, upon its western margin, legend points out the scene. The noise of battle and din of war are no longer heard, but the little rivulet murmurs in all its primitive charm, the wild deer bounds over the sacred mound where he fell, and the forest trees shade it; and there, among the oaken leaves, the pure air, fresh from the everlasting mountains which sacredly guard it, sings the warrior's requiem.'

Early on the morning of the seventh a strange order was passed for the army to march back to the landing; the general-in-chief alleging this to be the safest place for the prisoners, and to recruit the men, considerably fatigued, from their battle and from passing one entire night on the water, succeeded by their difficult march, and wakefulness under arms during the night. Here the army arrived at eight o'clock, and the prisoners were placed on the little island always since known as 'Prisoners' Island.' The subsequent escape of the prisoners was afterward a subject of great merriment to the French, and of equal chagrin and mortification to the English. The island is connected with the main land by a ledge rising to within some eighteen inches of the surface of the water, which, strange to say, was not perhaps known to the English commander. The prisoners themselves of course were silent regarding the facilities of the place for their temporary exile, and night had scarcely closed when nearly every one of them walked off,' or as Montcalm afterward drily said, 'took French leave.' Many thanks to the antiquarian, the courteous commander of the steamer Caldwell,' for pointing the traveller's attention to this little isle; the monument of that most ludicrous 'military operation.' It is within a few hundred yards of the present steam-boat landing, just south of the point ever memorable as 'Howes' Landing.'

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By this time Abercrombie supposed himself well informed with regard to the country intervening between his army, now again at the

landing, and the strong-hold of the French, as he had marched over the ground twice to within one mile and a half of their lines, and reconnoitered the whole distance, which is four miles. Knowing that the most considerable force of the enemy, under Montcalm, at the SawMills, (site of the present villlage of Ticonderoga,) had not been engaged in the fight of the day before, he determined to dislodge them, and bring them to combat before they could join the stronger body on the plain before the fort.

Seven thousand, nearly one half of the army under General Bradstreet, at eleven o'clock marched to the attack. The force consisted of the batteau men, rangers under Captain John Stark, provincials, and the forty-fourth regiment and six battalions of the best disciplined regulars. Arriving at the first falls, the location overlooking the site of the enemy's encampment, it was believed to be in flames, and hurrying on, the bridge spanning the stream was found destroyed. Here the versatile mechanism of Stark, the rangers and provincials, was available; the bridge was rebuilt, and the troops immediately occupied the position which Montcalm, with his fifteen hundred men, had escaped from during the march and consequent delay of Abercrombie in returning to the landing. At three o'clock General Bradstreet sent information to Abercrombie of his position; and that night the whole army, excepting a few left at the landing to guard the stores, etc., and the four hundred and fifty rangers under Rogers, who were ordered to occupy the battle ground of the previous day, encamped on the spot where the French general had been securely posted during the day and night, within scarcely twenty minutes' march.

I digress. Eighty-one years had passed; thousands from the old and new world had visited this spot, the tent-ground of Montcalm, Abercrombie, and the marshalled chivalry of their time; when came the great republican statesman, the William Pitt of our time-Henry Clay. It was near the anniversary of the greatest battle in the colonial history of America. In his northern tour in 1839 from the lakes, following the St. Lawrence and the waters of Champlain, hundreds had interrupted his progress, and hither hundreds had assembled to meet him. He had examined minutely the ruined battlements of the old fort and of the French lines, and now across the portage, by stage of four miles, he was en route to take the little steamer through Lake George. Here at the small tavern, half way, the hardy yeomanry thronged to greet him, and he gave that hearty and cordial recognition, peculiarly his own, to all who pressed in his way.

At length the name of Apollos Austin, a soldier of the Revolution,' was pronounced, and an old gentleman far advanced in years took Mr. Clay's hand. Apollos,' said the latter, pleasantly, 'is a Bible name, and I suppose he is doing its good commands now while Paul may plant;' for happily we trust we need fight no more.' No, no,' said the other; 'but for all that I am a Green Mountain Boy,' and could fight as well now as ever in my life, if it need be. I have come a good many miles to-day to see one whom I have longed to see for more than forty years; and since I have seen HENRY CLAY, and shaken his honest hand, I must say this is the proudest and happiest day I have ever