sters:or she is compressed and fashioned, and as it were, new cast, as in artificial operations. An opinion hath, however, long time gone currant, as if art were some different thing from nature, and artificiall from naturall. From this mistake, this inconvenience arises, that many writers of Naturall History think they have quit themselves sufficiently if they have compiled a history of creatures, or of plants, or of mineralls; the experiments of mechanicall arts past over in silence. But there is yet a more subtile deceit which secretly steales into the mindes of men; namely, that art should be reputed a kind of additament only to nature, whose virtue is this, that it can indeed either perfect nature inchoate, or repaire it when it is decaied, or set it at liberty from impediments; but not quite alter, transmute, or shake it in the foundations: which erroneous conceit hath brought in a too hasty despaire upon men's enterprises. But on the contrary, this certain truth should be thoroughly settled in the minds of men, that artificials differ not from

naturals in form and essence; but in the efficient only; for man hath no power over nature save only in her motion; that is, to mingle or put together naturall bodies, and to separate or put them asunder; wherefore where there is apposition and separation of bodies naturall conjoyning (as they terme it) active with passive, man may doe all things; this not done, he can doe nothing. BACON.

NOTE T.-TEXT, p. 62.

The art of Printing was first introduced and practised in England by William Caxton, a mercer and citizen of London, who, by his travels abroad, and a residence of many years in Holland, Flanders and Germany, in the affairs of trade, had an opportunity of informing himself of the whole method and process of the art: and by the encouragement of the great, and particularly of the Abbot of Westminster, first set up a press in the Abbey, and began to print books soon after the year 1471.

NOTE O.-Page 64.

Bacon, in his Novum Organum, under what he terms "Instances of Power," says, "If any one, after an attentive consideration of the works already extant, would determine to use his best and strongest endeavours, he might doubtless either carry them somewhat further, or convert them to some other obvious purpose; or apply and transfer them to more noble uses than were known before." Gunpowder and shot, which for centuries have been used only as engines of destruction, have lately been converted, by Captain Manby, into engines of preservation.

NOTE P.-Page 70.

South (in his excellent sermon on Human Perfection) when speaking of grief, says:

66

And, on the other side, for sorrow. Had any loss or disaster made but room for grief, it would have moved according to the severe allowances of prudence, and

the proportions of the provocation. It would not have sallied out into complaint, or loudness, nor spread itself upon the face, and writ sad stories upon the forehead. No wringing of the hands, knocking the breast, or wishing oneself unborn; all which are but the ceremonies of sorrow, the pomp and ostentation of an effeminate grief; which speak not so much the greatness of the misery as the smallness of the mind. Tears may spoil the eyes, but not wash away the affliction. Sighs may exhaust the man, but not eject the burthen. Sorrow then would have been as silent as thought, as severe as philosophy. It would have rested in inward senses, tacit dislikes: and the whole scene of it been transacted in sad and silent reflections."

NOTE N.-Page 85.

This note, containing a few observations upon the pleasures of sense, of benevolence, of malevolence, and of taste, is published with the hope that may induce some future inquirers to consider,

it

whether our happiness does not mainly depend upon a due examination of our different sources of delight.

THE PLEASURES OF SENSE.

Sed multi mortales, dediti ventri atque somno, indocti, incultique, vitam sicuti peregrinantes transiere:-Eorum ego vitam mortemque juxta æstumo.

Happiness does not consist in the Pleasures of Sense.

Happiness does not consist in the pleasures of sense, in whatever profusion or variety they may be enjoyed: for 1st, These pleasures continue but a little while at a time. 2dly, By repetition they lose their relish. 3dly, The eagerness for high and intense delights takes away the relish from all others.

There is hardly any delusion by which men are greater sufferers in their happiness, than by their expecting too much from what is called pleasure; that is, from those intense delights which vulgarly engross the name of pleasure.

K