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253. The titles and offices especially in so far as they refer to the Consulate or the Tribunitial power sometimes follow the name of the Emperor in the legend on the Obverse of the coins, at other times on the contrary they form part of the legend or constitute the legend of the Reverse.

Sometimes again they are found partly on the Obverse and partly on the Reverse and on this latter often occupying the space ct the exergue.

No indication of date is ever found on the coins of the Empresses.

254. ABBREVIATIONS. The legends on Roman coins and also on those of the ancients generally are written with the letters all close together without any stops or spaces between the words, not even when some of these are abbreviated, which happened very frequently.

Let us take as an example a most common legend on the coins of Trajan which is very often found round the head of that Emperor. IMP. CAESNERVATRAIANAVGGERPARTHDACPMTRPCOSVPP.

It may be thus spaced out: IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG GER PARTH DAC PM TR P COS V PP, and thus filled in, Imperator Cæsar Nerva Trajanus Augustus Germanicus Parthicus Dacicus Pontifex Maximus Tribunitia Potestati Consul quinquies Pater Patriæ.

A certain amount of practice is needful for the correct reading of these legends, and since the abbreviations are numerous on the Imperial coinage in regard to the offices, titles and other notices it will be well to give as complete a list as possible, with explanations, similar to that given for the coinage of the Republic.

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AED

AEL

AET

--

confer ARAB ADQ.

ADVENTVS.

Aedes (Antoninus Pius and Faustina).
Aelius.

Aeternitas, aeternitati-Aeterna (VICTORIA).

AFR Africanus (Gordianus I and II).

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ALIM ITAL Alimenta Italiae (Trajanus).

ANFF Annum novum faustum felicem (Hadrianus and Antoninus Pius).

AN DCCCLXXIII NAT VRB P CIR CON- Anno 874 natali urbis populo (or primum) circenses constituit (Hadrianus).

ANT Antonius, Antoninus.

APOL Apollo.

A POP FRVG AC - A populo fruges accepit (Domitianus).
ARAB Arabicus (Sep. Severus).

--

ARAB ADQ Arabia Adquisita (Trajanus).

ARM Armeniacus (M. Aurelius or Lucius Verus).

-

AV, AVG - Augustus, Augusta.

AVGG Augusti, Augustorum (two Augusti).

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(three Augusti).

Auspicia felicia.

BRIT Britannicus, Britannica (VICTORIA).

BRP NAT-Bono reipublicae natus (Constantinus Magnus).

C Caius, Caesar.

CAEL Caelius (Balbinus).

CAE CAES- Caesar.

CAESS
CAP

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Capta.

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CARP Carpicus (Philippus I and II).
CASS Cassianus (Postumus).

CC Confer CAESS.

CEN, CENS - Censor.

CENS P, (PER) - Censor perpetuus.

CENS POT Censoria potestate.

CER QVINQ ROM CON- Certamen quinquennale Romae constitutum (Nero).

CES Cum exercitu suo (?) (Gallienus).

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CIR CON Circenses constituit (Hadrianus).
CIVIB ET SIGN MILIT A PART RECVP

militaribus a Parthis recuperatis (Augustus).

Civitatibus et signis

C, CLAV, CLAVD — Claudius, Claudia (LEGIO).
CL Caius Lucius (Augustus).

CL V-Clypeus votivus (Augustus).

CLE, CLEM - Clementia.

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COM BIT Communitas Bytiniae (Hadrianus).

CONC

CONG –

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Concordia.

Congiarium.

CONG DAT POP — Congiarium datum populo.

CONG PR DAT Congiarium Populo Romano datum.

CONL Conlegia. Confer SACERD.

CONS VRB SVAE

COS Consul.

Conservator urbis suae.

COSS Consules, Consulibus.

CV AF GAL VEND Caius Vibius Afinius Gallus Vendemnianus (Volusianus).

D Decimus (Albinus), Domitianus.

DA CAP - Dacia capta (Trajanus).

DAC Dacicus (Trajanus).

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DE BRIT - De Britannis.

DEC Decius, Decemnalia (VOTA).

DE GERM - De Germanis.

DEOR Deorum.

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F, FIL Filius, Filia.

-

FL - Flavius, Flavia, Flavia (LEGIO).

FR, F RV-Fulvius Rufus? (Jotapianus).

FRET Fretensis (LEGIO).

FORT Fortissimus (Maximianus Herculeus).
FORT Fortuna, Fortunae.

FORT RED Fortuna redux, Fortunae reduci.
G,
G. GAL Galerius.

GALL Gallica (LEGIO, Victoria).

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PAR, PARTH Parthicus, Parthica (LEGIO, VICtoria).
P CONS AVG Patri conservatori Augusto (Gallienus).

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PPDD - Permissu Proconsulis, Decurionum Decreto (colonial coins).

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REI, REIP Reipublicae.

REQVIES OPT MER Requies optimcrum meritorum (Claudius Gothicus).

RELIG Religio (M. Aurelius).

REN Renovavit (Hadrianus).

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ROM ET AVG - Romae et Augusto (Augustus).

ROM S P AVG Romae Senatui Populo Augustus? (Hadrianus).

S (SAC) M (MON) VRB Sacra moneta urbi (or urbica).

SACERD COOP IN OMN CONL SVPRA NVM

tatus in omnia conlegia supra numerum (Nero).

SACR FACSacris faciundis (Vitellius).

SAEC AVR

Saeculo aureo.

Sacerdos coop

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SAL GEN HVM Salus generis humani.
SALL Sallustia (Orbiana).

SARM Sarmaticus (M. Aurelius Commodus).
SC Senatus Consulto.

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VCRIM DR Vir consularis Rex Imperator Dux Romanorum (Vaballatus).

VN MR (VEN MEM) Venerandae memoriae (Constantinus Magnus).

VOT

Vota, votis.

VOT OPT -- Vota, optata.
VOT PVB Vota publica.

VOT SOL Vota soluta.

VOT SVSC

-

Vota suscepta.

VOT V - Vota quinquennalia.

VOT X

Vota decennalia.

VOT XX - Vota vicennalia.

VOT X ET XX - Votis decennalibus (solutis) et vicennalibus (susceptis).

VOT X MVLT XX- Votis decennalibus (solutis) multis vicenna

libus (susceptis) or : Votis decennalibus multiplicatis vicennalibus.

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