History of Europe: From the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852, المجلد 5

Archibald Alison

W. Blackwood and sons, 1856

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CHAPTER XXVII	1

its statistics	7

Manner in which this was brought about	13

His versatility has rendered him rather universally popular than supremely great 108	15

Page	16

Death of Casimir Périer and Cuvier	19

Great effect of these provisions	20

Expedition to Ancona resolved on and its reasons	25

Passing of the repressive measures and changes in the Cabinet	308

General insurrectionary movements in France	316

Its danger in the end	326

CHAPTER XXXI	332

Moderation of Government	338

Distracted state of Ireland and resistance to tithes	344

Ineffectual efforts of the Government	350

Result of the new elections	357

Consequences of this event highly injurious to freedom	26

2729 Circular of the cabinet of Berlin 2729	27

Reflections on this picture of Germany	30

First appearance of the cholera in Paris	31

Final Act of Confederation 35 Illusory edict of Prussia regarding provincial diets	32

Effect of this Final Act on German liberty	34

Refusal of the Diet to sanction the demand of Holstein for a consti tution	35

Import of the constitution of the provincial estates of Prussia by the edict of June 5 1823	37

Count Bernstorffs circular on the subject	38

Regulations against the secret societies in Prussia	39

23	40

Wisdom of the internal government of Prussia	42

Specific measures introduced	43

The ultimate effect of these changes would have favoured freedom	44

Great effect of the French Revolution in checking German freedom	45

Increase of this feeling with the Belgian and Polish revolutions	46

Effect of the siege of Antwerp in 1832	48

Decree of July 5 of the Diet	49

Immense sensation produced by these decrees over Europe	50

Riot in Frankfort and its occupation by the Austrians	51

His qualities as a statesman and orator	57

Schism between the proprietors and prolétaires	63

Important religious movement in Germany in 1845	69

Answer of the Ministerialists	72

Progress in 1847 and convocation of a general diet	77

Opening of the StatesGeneral of Prussia and Kings speech	78

Extraordinary political situation of Germany	79

Effect of the Revolutionary War on the two parties which divided	80

And in increasing the passion for freedom	81

Great effect of general education in increasing this desire	82

Great difficulties arising from the want of foreign commercial colonies	83

constitution of the Diet the Federal Union	84

Effect of the preponderance of Catholics in the Confederacy	85

The army is the expression of general opinion	86

Influence of Russia on Prussia and the lesser states	87

Influence of the want of employment in forcing men to become govern ment employés	88

Disastrous effects in Germany of the revolutions of 1820 and 1830	90

The triumph of the Conservatives left the seeds of revolution in all the European states	91

Advantages of the German Confederacy to the peace of Europe	93

Congress of Sovereigns at Münchengratz	94

Influence on Englands power	100

Great increase of production in the foreign slave States	106

parallel between him and Goethe	109

Character of his dramas	110

His powers of the pathetic and of rhetoric	111

His merits as a lyric poet	112

As a historian ib 22 Klopstock The Messiah	113

His merits as a lyric poet	114

Oehlenschlager	115

25	116

Grillparzer	117

Kotzebue	118

Werner	119

its defects	120

31	121

32	122

Körner as a dramatic poet	123

34	124

35	125

37	126

38	127

ib 39	128

VOL V	129

The youth of their literature is the cause of this ib 42 Causes of this defect	130

ib 43	131

ib 44	132

45	133

46	134

48	135

Schlosser	136

50	137

Fresh riot at Frankfort which is put under martial law 54 Decrees of 1835 in the Diet 51	138

52	139

Change in the public mind in Germany towards material objects 57 Refusal of the Diet to restore the constitution of Hanover	140

ib 55	141

their general character	142

Immense sensation excited by this event 60 Wise internal regulations of the Prussian government 2585 ib 57	143

59	144

Haklander ib 60 Andersen	146

Jean Paul Richter	147

Philosophic school of Germany ib 63 Kant	148

Fichte and Schelling	149

Frederick Schlegel	151

its origin	152

rationalism	153

Strausss Life of Jesus Christ	154

The alarm thence arising is unfounded	155

71	156

72	157

73	158

74	159

75	160

76	161

78	162

79	163

81	164

82	165

83	166

85	167

86	168

87	169

Amnesty on the 300th anniversary of the Reformation and treaty of reciprocity with Holland	170

Social dangers of the Government of France	171

Louis Blancs picture of the working classes in France at this period	172

Death of the King of Prussia and revival of the question of the consti tution	174

The Revolution was not the cause of these evils but it aggravated them	175

Commencement of the Lyons insurrection and condition of the workmen there	176

Absurd measures of the governor and prefect for fixing a tariff	177

Progress of the strife between the masters and workmen	178

Commencement of the insurrection	179

The insurrection spreads and proves successful ib 12 Half the national guard join the insurgents who make the prefect prisoner	180

Desperate strife in the streets of Lyons	181

Extreme alarm at Paris and vigorous measures of the Government	182

Extraordinary state of Lyons after the revolt	183

Arrival of Marshal Soult and the Duke of Orléans and submission of Lyons	184

False views on this insurrection generally entertained in France	185

Influence of these causes on German literature 89	202

Effect of the German Confederacy on domestic peace and the progress of freedom	206

Attempt of the Duchess de Berri to raise the west	207

Disquietude and measures of the Royalists at these events	213

When she is at length discovered	219

Preparations of the Government	230

90	255

What of a federal union for the interests of mankind? 96 What may be hoped for federal unions in future 97 Cause which shipwrecked German liber...	257

93	259

Dawn of German literature CHAPTER XXVIII	268

Causes of the backwardness of its literature 96	286

The budget for 1833	287

The Numidian horsemen 665	297

487	361

Progress of the bill in both Houses	372

Repeal of onehalf of the malttax carried against Ministers	391

Argument against the bill by Sir R Peel	397

The bill passes both Houses	404

Beneficial effect of the fixing of negroes on particular estates	410

Resistance in the colonies to the Orders in Council	419

Answer of the King 64 Adjustment of the dispute with the See of Rome 1222	425

98	426

99	428

Science and learning in Germany before the middle of the eighteenth 101	429

60	450

Effect of these declarations on the part of Government	461

Earl Greys parting address as Minister	467

Vast effect of the contraction of the currency on this matter	473

62	474

century	475

Regulation as to separating husband and wife	480

The Egyptians enter Aleppo	502

Victory of the Egyptians	508

Opening of the provincial estates and great excitement with which it was attended	509

The Porte in vain seeks to countermand the succours and breach of	514

Ultimate demands of both parties	544

Allied plan of attack and forces on opposite side	551

63	552

Fall of M Thiers who is succeeded by M Guizot	557

Extension of the Zollverein and increasing intellectual strength of Prussia	565

The advantages of the treaty were more apparent than real	566

The refusal of succour to the Turks in 1833 was the fatal step	567

Which arose from the Reform Bill and the contraction of the currency	568

Dangers of the nation in 1841 from the mania for reduction	569

CHAPTER XXXIII	571

Opening of the Chamber and great majority for Ministers	572

Marshal Gérard succeeds Marshal Soult	573

Declaration of the new Ministers in favour of economy	574

Count Molé Minister	575

Fall of the new Ministry and restoration of the old one	576

Flourishing state of Algiers ib 8 First debate on the Address	577

Answer of M Guizot	578

Majority for Ministers in the Chamber	579

Marshal Mortier is succeeded by the Duke de Broglie as Prime Minister	580

Cause of this crisis	581

Divergence of Thiers and Guizot	582

Character of the Duke de Broglie	583

Settlement of the question with the Americans	584

Commencement of the treason trials before the Chamber of Peers	585

Ruinous effects of this mode of proceeding	586

Commencement of the trial and contest with the Bar	587

Contest about the choice of defenders	589

Commencement of the proceedings ib 21 Refusal of the accused to plead or answer until they got their own defenders	590

Progress of the trial	591

Continuation of the disorders and letter of Audry de Puyraveau	592

Proceedings in the Chamber of Deputies	593

Trials disjoined and escape of twentyeight prisoners	594

Conclusion of the trials	595

2728 Reflections on these trials 596597	596

Fête of July and conspiracy to murder the King	598

Attempted assassination of the King by Fieschi	599

Arrest of the assassin and discovery of the infernal machine	600

Immense effect produced by this event in Paris	601

Funeral of Marshal Mortier and the other victims	602

Trial and execution of the murderers	603

3538 Speech of M de Broglie on the introduction of the new law of re pression 604607	604

3942 Answer of M Armand Carrel and M de Lamartine martine 608610	608

Proposed laws	610

Which pass both Chambers	612

Improved condition of the Government in spring 1836 ib 46 Increased prosperity in France and beginning of the railway mania	613

Fall of the Duke de Broglie	614

Increasing difficulty of the question of reduction of the interest of the debt	616

Arguments in favour of the reduction of the interest	617

Answer for the stockholders	618

Decision of the Ministers on the subject which is against it at the moment and leads to their overthrow	619

M Thiers Premier ib 5354 Political character of M Thiers 620621	620

Postponement of the question regarding the debt and first trial of strength in the Chamber	622

Thiers profession of faith before the Chamber	623

Declaration of M Guizot	624

Of M Odillon Barrot	625

Nullity of legislative measures	626

Important financial statements	627

Occupation of Cracow by the allied Powers ib 62 Other diplomatic treaties	629

64	630

Vast system of railways in Northern Germany 65	631

Inauguration of the Cathedral of Cologne and Kings speech at it 69 Meeting of the general estates at Berlin 66	632

67	633

Progress of constitutional ideas in 1843	634

Reflections on this subject	635

The Spanish Question and its urgent dangers	637

Thiers is for intervention the King against it and the former resigns ib 72 Character of Count Molé	638

Liberation of Prince Polignac and the prisoners in Ham	639

Death of Charles X	640

his early life	642

Preparations for the attempt of Strasburg	643

Breaking out of the conspiracy	644

Its rapid success	645

And ultimate failure	647

Humane conduct of the Government to Louis Napoleon	649

Trial and acquittal of the Strasburg conspirators ib 82 Law for disjunction of trials which is rejected	651

Argument of M Dupin against the law	653

Lamartines reply	654

The bill is thrown out and Ministry still hold on ib 86 Modification of the Ministry	655

Marriage of the Duke of Orléans	656

Preparations for the marriage and general amnesty	657

Marriage of the Prince and consequent catastrophe	659

Inauguration of the palace of Versailles as a palace of the arts ib 91 Fresh political societies	660

Dissolution of the Chamber	661

Affairs of Africa	662

The migratory Arabs and their annual migration	663

The conquests of the Romans and Saracens	664

Early difficulties of Marshal Clausel	666

his character	667

His first successes	668

102	669

Wieland 9 His defects and excellencies 103	670

Goethe 11 Faust 12 His marvellous contradictions 13 His moral and religious deficiencies 14 His prodigious versatility 104	671

105	672

106	673

107	674

March on Constantine and its extreme hardships	675

Repulse of the French ib 111 Disastrous retreat of the French	677

Mistrust and bitter recriminations in France	678

Noble conduct of the King and Ministers ib 114 Affairs of Oran	679

Diverging views of Generals Damremont and Bugeaud on them	680

Conference of AbdelKader and General Bugeaud	681

Terms of the treaty of La Tafna ib 118 Universal indignation at the treaty in France	682

Preparations for the expedition against Constantine	683

Arrival of the army before Constantine and commencement of the siege ib 121 Progress of the siege	685

Reason of the rigour of revolutionary governments	687

Lasting ascendant now gained by the Cross over the Crescent	688

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History of Europe: From the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the ..., المجلد 5
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة

admiration Antwerp appeared Armand Carrel arms army Austria bill Blanc brought Cabinet Catholic cause Chamber CHAP character Charles X charming circumstances Citizen King classes commenced Confederacy constitution danger declared Diet drama Duke of Orléans effect England entirely established Europe excited favour federacy feelings force France freedom French genius German Confederacy Germany Goethe Government Hist human ideas immense influence inhabitants insurgents insurrection interests Ireland July June King labour liberal literature Lord Louis Philippe Lyons Madame de Staël majority Marshal Marshal Gérard Marshal Soult measures Mehemet Ali ment military mind Ministers monarchy Moniteur national guard never noble object Pacha Paris Parliament party passion peace period persons political Princess principles provinces Prussia Reform rendered Republicans Revolution revolutionary secret society sovereign spirit Thiers thought tion tithes treaty troops victory violent vote whole XXIX XXVII XXXI XXXII

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معلومات المراجع

العنوان	History of Europe: From the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852, المجلد 5 History of Europe: From the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852, Archibald Alison
المؤلف	Archibald Alison
الناشر	W. Blackwood and sons, 1856
أصلي من	جامعة ميتشيغان
الكتب ذات التنسيق الرقمي	13 أيلول (سبتمبر) 2007

تصدير الاقتباس	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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