with ἄν, ε.ξ. οὔτε ὄντα, οὔτ ̓ ἂν γενόμενα καινοτομήσου (i. e. à our av YÉVOLTO). áv with the Participle may often be convenunity employed for brevity, so as to obvizne fie nervtasit y for expressing the full statement of the condition, e.g. Among many other instances which might be adduced if desirable,' etc., rohin by trap' abweis (i. ε. εἰ βουλοίμην). 8. Never use av with a Vert in direct, Diaconrae unless it goes with it in the Dires, Haogarse (and never omit it when it is so used), ez dnoì spáþew âv ei lovers. He says depaqon de γράψαι ἂν εἰ εδυνή 4η γράψαι ἂν εἰ δυνηθείη 9. Never retain au with ives or Particles before требоватьевые ва Subj. in Indirect Discourse when the Subj, is changad into the Opt., e.g. 'they as narty to fight if my one goes out ̓ ἕτοιμοί εἰσι μάχεσθαι, κάνε την εξέρχονταν και comes ἔλεξεν ὅτι έτοιμα, ενησαν μέχρι θαν οι για ἐξέρχοιτο. 10. Translate our erative · would ' Imperfect or Aorist Indicative, e z. dexersports TOV by Av with ἐπιτήδειον, ἔπαισεν ὧν του 'Picking out the proper man, he would beat him' (as often as the circumstances occurred) διηρώτων ἂν αὐτωνε το λάτρευαν (1) 'I would ask them (on each occasion) what they meant.' 3. Never use av in the Protasis of a Conditional Sentence, nor consequently with a Participle to represent a Protasis. 4. Never omit av in the Apodosis, to express what would be now, or would have been the result, if the condition were now fulfilled, or had been fulfilled. Exceptions: (α) ἄν is omitted sometimes for emphasis. Cf. 'it had been good for that man,' for 'it would have been.' (δ) ἄν is omitted with ἔδει, προσῆκεν, εἰκὸς ἦν, and other words denoting fitness. 5. Never omit av in the Apodosis, to express what would be the result if the condition should be fulfilled. 6. Never use the Present Infinitive or Present Participle with av, unless they can be resolved into the Imperfect Indicative with ἄν, or Present Optative with ἄν, 2.3. φησὶν αὐτοὺς ἐλευθέρους ἂν εἶναι εἰ τοῦτο ἔπραξαν (where ἂν εἶναι πἦσαν ἄν), or εἰ τοῦτο πράξειαν (where ἂν εἶναι = εἴησαν ἄν). φησὶν αὐτοὺς ἐλευθέρους ἂν ὄντας εἰ τοῦτο ἔπραξαν (where ἂν ὄντας=ἦσαν ἄν), or εἰ τοῦτο πράξειαν (where ἂν ὄντας= εἴησαν ἄν). G. 41. 7. Never use the Aor. Inf. or Aor. Part. with ἄν, unless they can be resolved into either the Aor. Ind. with ἄν, e. g. οὐκ ἂν δοκῶ τοῦτο ξυμβῆναι γενέσθαι (οὐκ ἂν ξυμβῆναι = οὐκ ἂν ξυνέβη), or into the Aorist Optative with ἄν, e.g. οὔτε ὄντα, οὔτ ̓ ἂν γενόμενα λογοποιοῦσι (i. ε. ἃ οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο). ǎv with the Participle may often be conveniently employed for brevity, so as to obviate the necessity for expressing the full statement of the condition; e.g. Among many other instances which might be adduced if desirable, etc., πολλ ̓ ἂν ἔχων ἕτερ ̓ εἰπεῖν (i. ε. εἰ βουλοίμην). 8. Never use av with a Verb in Indirect Discourse unless it goes with it in the Direct Discourse (and never omit it when it is so used), e.g. φησὶ γράφειν ἂν εἰ ἐδύνατο He says ἔγραφον ἄν 9. Never retain av with Relatives or Particles before Subj. in Indirect Discourse, when the Subj. is changed into the Opt., e. g. 'they are ready to fight if any one goes out ̓ ἕτοιμοί εἰσι μάχεσθαι, ἐάν τις ἐξέρχηται becomes ἔλεξεν ὅτι ἕτοιμοι εἴησαν μάχεσθαι εἴ τις ἐξέρχοιτο. 10. Translate our iterative would' by av with Imperfect or Aorist Indicative, e.g. ἐκλεγόμενος τὸν ἐπιτήδειον, ἔπαισεν ἄν (Xen.). 'Picking out the proper man, he would beat him' (as often as the circumstances occurred). διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν (Plato). 'I would ask them (on each occasion) what they meant.' The difference between the Aorist and Imperfect in the above, turns upon the distinction inherent in the two tenses between a single and a continuous action. The blow was not repeated; the questions were. ὡσπερανεί ‘just as if (ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ) involves an ellipse, e.g., ἐμὲ παράδειγμα ποιούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ εἴποι (Plato, Ap. 23). Using my name as an illustration, as if he said (i. e. ὥσπερ ἂν ποιοῖτο εἰ). XX. SOME IDIOMS OF TWELVE OF THE Variety is gained by using these: 1. εἰμί. (α) With the relative and relative particles ἔστιν οἵ, ἔστιν ἀφ ̓ ὧν, etc. = some, ἔστιν ὅπου = somewhere, ἔστιν ὅπως in some manner, ἔστιν ὅτε sometimes; (6)=it is possible ἔστιν ἰδεῖν ; (c) ἐστί μοι βουλομένῳ,—of inclination or aversion ; (d) to be at the mercy of τινὲς ἦσαν Φιλίππου (ε) of a class ἐγὼ δὲ τίνων εἰμί ; (f) fitness ἄρχοντός ἐστι (g) to be engaged in εἶναι ἐν φιλοσοφία, also είναι περὶ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια, also still stronger ἦν ὅλος πρὸς τῷ λήμματι (Dem.), totus in quæstu, wholly bent upon gain.' (h) the impf. for the pres. with åpa, τὸ δὲ ἄρα οὐ τοῦτο ἦν, τὸ ἐπαινεῖν, ‘so then as it appears to praise a thing is something quite different.' (2) of real existence αὐτὸ ὃ ἔστι,—τὸ ὄν. (k) it is redundant in τὸ νῦν εἶναι, τὸ ἐπ ̓ ἐκείνοις εἶναι, ἑκὼν εἶναι (the last only in negative clauses). 2. ἔχω. (α) = with, ἔχων στρατόν. (b) to be able, with a negative it=know, and is followed by a dependent clause, οὐκ ἔχω ὅτι χρήσωμαι τῷ ἀργυρίῳ. (c) With adverbs of manner καλῶς ἔχει bene habet, δυσλύτως ἔχει,—εὐαισθήτως ἔχειν ‘to be of quick perceptions, χαριέντως καὶ μεμελημένως ἔχει ‘it is a charming piece of workmanship and very finished.' Also with genitive added, πῶς ἔχεις δόξης ; what is your opinion ? ἀμελῶς ἔχειν τινός,—ὡς εἶχε τάχους. (α) οἱ ἔχοντες, the rich. 3. ἄγω. (α) Το celebrate, ἑορτὴν ἄγειν. (6) ἡσυχίαν, ἀσχολίαν ἄγειν, to be at rest, or the contrary. (c) Like duco to hold or account, ἐντίμως or ἐν τιμῇ ἄγειν. 4. λέγω. (α) Το esteem as naught, οὐδαμοῦ λέγειν. (b) To speak to the point. (See XXV. Reason.) (c) τὸ λεγόμενον, as the saying goes. 5. ἔρχομαι. (α) With participle of intention. This is more common in Ionic, but Plato uses it, Phad. 100, where ἔρχομαι ἐπιχειρῶν ἐπιδείξασθαι= ἔρχομαι ἐπιδει ξόμενος. (6) διὰ φιλίας ἔρχεσθαι and ἰέναι τινί to be friendly to a person (and the opposite). τραγῳδίαν, λόγον, but to represent in poetry 6. ποιῶ. (α) • Το compose ποιεῖσθαι 'to deliver a speech, ποιεῖν Ἀχιλλέα ἀμείνω Ὀδυσσέως. θυσίαν, ἑορτήν, τὰ Ἴσθμια. (c) To cause, bring about for others, εἰρήνην, πόλεμον (but ποιεῖσθαι on one's own F (6) To celebrate |