obedience to his order, or those of any person or persons commissioned or employed by him.

"As soon as the public tranquillity shall permit, we solemnly promise to call and assemble a free parliament, wherein no corruption, nor undue influence of any kind whatsoever shall be used to bias the votes of the electors or the elected; and with a sincere and impartial advice and concurrence of the said parliament, we shall be ready to settle all that may relate to the welfare of the kingdom, both in civil and ecclesiastical matters.

"We solemnly promise to protect, support, and maintain the church of England, as by law established, in all her rights, privileges, possessions, and immunities whatsoever; and we shall, on all occasions, bestow marks of our royal favour on the whole body of the clergy, but more particularly on those whose principles and practices shall best correspond with the dignity of their profession. We also solemnly promise to grant and allow the benefit of a toleration to all protestant dissenters, being utterly averse to all persecution and animosity on account of conscience and religion.

"And as we are desirous to reign chiefly over the affectious of our people, we shall be utterly averse to the suspending the habeas corpus act, as well as to the loading our subjects with unnecessary taxes, or raising any in a manner burdensome to them, and especially to the introducing of foreign excises, and to all such methods as may have been hitherto devised and pursued to acquire arbitrary power, at the expense of the liberty and property of the subject.

"It is our fixed resolution and intention, to distinguish, recompense, and employ men of merit and probity, who are true lovers of their country and of the church of England, as by law established. By such a conduct we hope the native genius and honour of the nation may be soon retrieved; and that those party-prejudices, divisions, and distinctions, which have so long prevailed, and have been so pernicious to the nation, may be buried in perpetual oblivion.

"As for the foreign troops employed in the present expedition, effectual care shall be taken to make them observe the strictest discipline while they stay, without offering the least injury to peaceable people; and we solemnly engage to send them home, as soon as the public tranquillity shall be judged by parliament to allow of it, and even before a parliament is assembled, if the posture of affairs shall permit it.

"In the meantime, we strictly charge and require all persons, who at the first news of our troops entering the kingdom, shall be seized of any sum or sums of money raised in the name, and for the use of the usurper, to keep the same in their hands, to be accounted for to us, or to pay it, when required, into the hands of any person of distinction, publicly appearing and acting for our service, whose receipt shall be a sufficient discharge for the said person or persons, their heirs, &c. But if they shall refuse or neglect to comply with these our orders, we

hereby authorize and require all our generals, lieutenant-generals, and other officers, and all our faithful adherents, to seize, for our use, such sum or sums of money, as well as all horses, arms, artillery, accoutrements and ammunition, forage and provisions, as shall be found in the hands of those who shall not be willing to employ them in our service.

"We also command and require all those who bear any military commission of arms, whether in the fleet, army, or militia, to use and employ them for our service; since they cannot but be sensible, that no engagements entered into with a foreign usurper, can dispense with the allegiance they owe to us, their natural sovereign. And, as a farther encouragement to them to comply with their duty and our commands, we promise to every such officer the same, or a higher post, in our service, than that which they at present enjoy, with full payment of whatever arrears may be due to them at the time of their declaring for us; and to every soldier, trooper, and dragoon, who shall join us, as well as to every seaman and mariner of the fleet, who shall declare for and serve us, all their arrears, and a whole year's pay to be given each of them as a gratuity, as soon as ever the kingdom shall be in a state of tranquillity.

"And lastly, that this undertaking may be accompanied with as little present inconveniency as possible to our subjects, we hereby authorize and require all civil officers and magistrates, now in place and office, to continue till farther orders to execute their respective employments in our name and by our authority, and to give strict obedience to such orders and directions, as may be issued out by those who will be vested with our authority and power.

"It is a subject of unspeakable concern to us to find ourselves, by a complication of different circumstances, under an absolute impossibility of heading ourselves this just and glorious undertaking, for the relief and happiness of our country. But we are in hopes, that the youth and vigour of our dearest son, the prince of Wales, may abundantly enable him to supply our place. And therefore we have invested him with the title and power of regent of all our dominions, until such time as we can ourselves arrive in them, which we shall do with all possible speed.

"Having thus sincerely, and in the presence of Amighty God, declared our true sentiments and intentions in this expedition, we once more charge and require all our loving subjects to concur with us to the utmost of their power, towards obtaining such desirable ends: for those who shall wilfully persist in their unnatural attachment to the usurper, and continue to act in consequence of it, they cannot but be sensible, that they are to expect no benefit from a pardon so graciously offered to them. But we heartily wish that none such may be found, but that all may be as ready to accept of our act of grace and oblivion as we are to grant it; it being our earnest desire that the very memory of past misfortunes and errors may be effaced, and that no obstacle may remain

to perfect union betwixt king and people; which will be the more casily compassed, when they compare what they have suffered under the dominion of foreigners with what we here offer to them, and are firmly resolved to perform. Let therefore all true Englishmen join with us on this occasion in their country's cause, and be fully convinced, that we neither do nor shall propose to ourselves any other happiness or glory, but what shall arise from our effectually providing for the honour and welfare of the nation, and maintaining every part of its happy constitution both in church and state."

After the chevalier had been proclaimed, and the different manifestoes read, the corporation went out to meet the prince, who entered the city under a general salute of artillery.*

In many points of view the capture of Carlisle would have been of great importance to the prince, if he had been strong enough to have availed himself of the state of terror which that event, and his subsequent advance into the very heart of England, had thrown the people of that kingdom; but his means were soon found quite inadequate to accomplish his end. Even if his resources had been much greater than ever they were, it seems doubtful whether the jealousies and dissensions, which, at an early period, began to distract his councils, would not have rendered all his exertions, for obtaining the great object of his ambition, unavailable.

The origo mali, the source of the discord, and all the misfortunes, as the Jacobites would say, that flowed from it, are attributed by an individual who had good opportunities of judging, and whose narrative appears to be impartial, to "the unbounded ambition of Secretary Murray, who from the beginning aimed at nothing less than the whole direction and management of every thing. To this passion he sacrificed what chance there was of a restoration, though that was the foundation on which all his hopes were built. He had an opportunity of securing the prince's favour long enough before he could be rivalled. He was almost the only personal acquaintance the prince found in Scotland. It was he that had engaged the prince to make this attempt upon so slight a foundation, and the wonderful success that had hitherto attended it was placed to his account. The duke of Perth, whose character indeed was well-known to the prince, judging of Murray's heart by his own, entertained the highest opinion of his integrity, went readily into all his schemes, and confirmed the prince in the esteem he had already conceived for Murray. After Mr Kelly was gone, there was only Sir Thomas Sheridan and Mr Sullivan, of those that had come along with the prince that had any thing to say with him, and them Murray had gained entirely. Lord George Murray was the man the secretary dreaded most as a rival. Lord George's birth, age, capacity, and experience, would naturally give him great advantage over the secretary;

Ray, 99. Boyse, p. 100.

+ Maxwell of Kirkconnell

but the secretary had got the start of him, and was determined to stick at nothing to maintain his ground.

"He began by representing Lord George as a traitor to the prince. He assured him that he had joined on purpose to have an opportunity of delivering him up to the government. It was hardly possible to guard against this imposture. The prince had the highest opinion of his secretary's integrity, and knew little of Lord George Murray, so the calumny had its full effect. Lord George soon came to know the suspicion the prince had of him, and was affected as one may easily enough imagine. To be sure, nothing could be more shocking to a man of honour, and one that was now for the third time venturing his life and fortune for the royal cause. The prince was partly undeceived by Lord George's gallant behaviour at the battle (of Preston), and had Lord George improved that opportunity, he might perhaps have gained the prince's favour, and got the better of the secretary; but his haughty and overbearing manner prevented a thorough reconciliation, and seconded the malice and malicious insinuations of his rival. Lord George did not altogether neglect making his court. Upon some occasions he was very obsequious and respectful, but had not temper to go through with it. He now and then broke out into such violent sallies, as the prince could not digest, though the situation of his affairs forced him to bear with them.

"The secretary's station and favour had attached to him such as were confident of success, and had nothing in view but making their fortunes. Nevertheless, Lord George had greater weight and influence in the council, and generally brought the majority over to his opinion, which so irritated the ambitious secretary, that he endeavoured all he could to give the prince a bad impression of the council itself, and engaged to lay it entirely aside. He had like to have prevailed at Carlisle, but the council was soon resumed, and continued ever after to be held upon extraordinary emergencies. It was not in this particular only that Murray's ambition was detrimental to the prince's affairs. Though he was more jealous of Lord George Murray than of any body (else,) Lord George was not the only person he dreaded as a rival. There were abundance of gentlemen in the army, in no respect inferior to Mr Murray, but his early favour gave him an opportunity of excluding most of them from the prince's presence and acquaintance. All those gentlemen that joined the prince after Murray were made known under the character he thought fit to give of them, and all employments about the prince's person, and many in the army, were of his nomination. These he filled with such as, he had reason to think, would never thwart his measures, but be content to be his tools and creatures without aspiring higher. Thus some places of the greatest trust and importance were given to little insignificant fellows, while there were abundance of gentlemen of figure and merit, that had no employment

at all, and who might have been of great use had they been properly employed."*

Till the siege of Carlisle, Secretary Murray had been able to disguise his jealousy of Lord George Murray, who, from his high military attainments, had been able hitherto to rule the council; but, on that occasion, the secretary displayed his hostility openly, and Lord George thereupon resigned his command as one of the lieutenant-generals of the army. The circumstances which led to the resignation of Lord George were these. It appears that, before the blockading party left Brampton, he desired Charles to give him some idea of the terms his royal highness would accept of from Carlisle, not with the view of obtaining powers to conclude a capitulation, but merely to enable him to adjust the terms according to the prince's intentions, and thereby save a great deal of time. Charles not being able to come to any resolution before Lord George's departure, his lordship begged of him to send his instructions after him, that he might know how to conduct himself in the event of an offer of surrender by the city; but the secretary interposed, and told Lord George plainly, that he considered the terms of capitulation as a matter within his province, and with which Lord George had no right to interfere.† Lord George has not communicated the answer he gave to Murray on this occasion. The part of the army destined for the blockade, though willing to take their turn along with the rest of the army, was averse to bear the whole burden of it. Their commander was aware of this feeling, and, in a letter written to his brother, the marquis of Tullibardine, from his head-quarters at Harbery, on the fourteenth of November, at five o'clock in the morning, proposed a plan which he thought would satisfy both parties. After alluding to the indefatigable exertions of the duke of Perth, who had himself wrought in the trenches to encourage his men to erect the battery, and the great difficulties he had to encounter from the nature of the ground, Lord George requested the marquis to represent to the prince, that the men posted upon the blockade would not expose themselves, either in trenches or in the open air within cannon shot, or ever. within musket shot of the town, but by turns with the rest of the army; and he proposed that it should be decided by lot who should mount guard the first night, second night, and so on. To carry the views of his men into effect, Lord George proposed the following plan, subject to the approval of a council of war, viz. that fifty men should be draughted out of each of the battalions that remained at Brampton, with proper officers, and at least two majors out of the six battalions; and that these should be sent to Butcherly, within a mile of the battery; and that as one hundred and fifty men might be a sufficient guard for the battery, the six battalions would in this way furnish two guards, in addition to which, he proposed that two additional guards should be draughted, one