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wars in Palestine, known by the name of the Crusades?

A. Yes. I had the command of an army given to me by the Prisoner at the bar, when he went by the name of Pope Gregory IX. I set out on the expedition, in the year 1228, and was crowned King of Jerusalem.

Q. Did not the Prisoner excommunicate you, under the pretext of disobedience to his authority as Vicar of Christ?

A. He did, by different names. First, when he assumed the title of Pope Gregory IX. because I delayed to go on his expedition; which bull was drawn up in the most indecent and outrageous language. But I was so devoted to the service of the Prisoner, that I set out, and arrived with a large army in the Holy Land, in the year 1228. But how great was my surprise, when I heard, that after my departure, this pretended Vicar of Christ had made war against me in Apulia, and was using his utmost efforts to arm all the European powers to join him As soon as I heard of these perfidious and violent proceedings, I returned to Europe in the year 1229, defeated the Papal army, and retook the places I had lost in Sicily and Italy. After this I was induced to make peace with the Prisoner, and he gave me public

absolution.

This peace, however, was but of a short duration; for it was not possible that I could long bear the insolent proceedings, and the imperious tem

per of this headstrong Pontiff. I broke therefore all alliance with him, and was no longer considered friendly to his ambitious authority. This, with other steps, that were equally provoking to his avarice and ambition, drew the thunders of the Vatican anew upon my head, in the year 1239. He therefore excommunicated me publicly, with all the circumstances of severity that vindictive rage could invent, and I was charged with the most flagitious crimes and impious blasphemies, by the outrageous Pontiff. He then sent a copy of this terrible accusation to all the courts of Europe, while my victorious arms maintained my ground, and reduced him to the greatest straits.

To get rid of these difficulties, under which the Prisoner laboured through his ambition, he convened, in the year 1740, a general council at Rome, with a view to depose me by the unanimous suffrages of his Cardinals and Prelates, that were to compose that assembly. But I disconcerted that audacious project, by defeating, in the year 1241, a Genoese fleet; on board of which the greater part of these Prelates were embarked. I committed to confinement these reverend Fathers, and seized all their treasures, which disappointment, attended with others, so dejected the Prisoner, that he changed his name to that of Celestine IV.

He had scarcely assumed this new title, before he claimed another, that of Pope Innocent IV. but although he had altered his appellation, his arrogance and fury remained the same. However, by this new name he proposed terms of

peace, but they were too imperious and extravagant not to be rejected with indignation. The Prisoner, not thinking his person safe in any part of Italy, set out for Genoa, and afterwards for Lyons, in the year 1244. Here he assembled a council the following year, when he deposed me, and declared the Imperial throne vacant.

This unjust and insolent measure was regarded with such veneration, and looked upon as so weighty by the German Princes, who were blinded and seduced by the superstition of the times, that they proceeded instantly to a new election. Henry, Landgrave of Thuringia, was therefore first elected, and after his death, William, Count of Holland, to the head of the empire. Far from being dejected by these cruel vicissitudes, I continued to carry on the war in Italy, and oppose the Prisoner to the utmost of my power, until a violent dysentery disabled me from taking the command of my army, on the 13th of December, 1250, in Apulia. Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble.

Q. You say, that Innocent IV. proposed conditions of peace, that were too imperious for you to submit to. Do you know what they were?

A. Yes. I certainly do, very well.

Q. What were they?

A. The preliminary conditions were, First, That I should give up entirely to the Church the inheritance which was left to it by Matilda. And Secondly, that I should oblige myself to submit to whatever terms the Pope or Prisoner at the bar should think fit to propose, as conditions of peace.

Philip, King of France, sworn.

Q. What name did the Prisoner at the bar assume when you knew him?

A. Several. I knew him when he was called Pope Boniface VIII. Pope Benedict XI. and Pope Clement V.

Q. Will you relate to the Court what you knew of him in France, during your reign?

A. About the beginning of the fourteenth century, when the Prisoner was known by the title of Pope Boniface VIII. he sent me one of the haughtiest letters imaginable, in which he asserted that I, with all other Kings and Princes whatever, were obliged by a divine command, to submit to the authority of the Pope, in all political and civil matters, as well as religious. I answered him in terms expressive of contempt. He rejoined with more arrogance than ever, and in that famous Bull, Unum Sanctum, which he published at this time, he asserted, that Christ Jesus had granted a twofold power to the Church, or the spiritual and temporal sword to him. And also, that he had subjected the whole human race to his authority, as Roman Pontiff, and that whoever dared to disbelieve it, were to be deemed heretics, and stood excluded from all possibility of salvation.* And he maintained, in express terms, that the Universal Church was under his dominions; and that Princes and Lay-patrons, Councils, and Chapters, had no more power in spiritual things

*This Bull is yet extant in the Corpus Juris Canon. Extravagants Com. lib. 1. tit. De marjoritate et obedientia.

than what they derived from him, as Vicar of Christ.

I then assembled together the Peers of France, in the year 1308. And although several Princes had failed in the attempt to check his ambition, I resolved to try. I ordered William de Nogaret, a celebrated lawyer, to draw up accusations against him, publicly charging him with heresies, simony, and many vices, demanding a Council to depose such an execrable Pope. Immediately after this, he excommunicated me and all my adherents.

Far from being terrified by any papal thunder, I again assembled the states of the kingdom, to sit in judgment upon him. After which I sent William de Nogaret, the lawyer, to seize him and bring him a prisoner to Lyons. Boniface, who then lived in perfect security at Anagni, was taken agreeable to order, by this resolute man, but being rescued by the inhabitants, he soon changed his name, through the illness, occasioned by the rage into which the lawyer had thrown him.

Emperor Sigismund, sworn.

Q. Do you not profess the Roman Catholic Religion?

A. I have long professed to be a Roman Catholic, and I confess I have been so deluded, that I have even worshipped the Prisoner at the bar.

Q. Do you recollect attending a rebellious convention, called the Council of Constance, convened by the Prisoner?

A. I do. It was at Constance, was opened in