pieium', or if Vitruvius had not described it as a dipteron of the Corinthian order 2; of which there was no other example at Athens, and which perfectly agrees with the plan derivable from the existing ruins. Nor is further confirmation wanting. Enough remains of the artificial platform on which the temple stood, to show that the sum of its four sides was about 2300 feet, a circuit nearly coinciding with the four stades which Pausanias attributes to the peribolus or inclosure of the temple. Again, the same author states that the peribolus was full of statues, raised by a great number of cities or individuals in honour of Hadrian', and of these many of the inscribed bases have been found upon the spot*. Lastly, two inscriptions on an ancient arch or gate, which adjoined the north-western angle of the peribolus, demonstrate that this was the quarter of Athens which received the name of Hadrianopolis', chiefly because it contained the temple of Jupiter Olympius, for the completion of which by Hadrian, after a succession of efforts by Athenians and foreign princes during 650 years, that emperor was complimented with the title of Olympius 6. 1 Thucyd. 2, 15. See below, p. 173. n. 1. 2 Vitruv. 1. 1. 3 Pausan. Attic. 18, 6. See above, p. 130. Published by Spon, Wheler, Pococke, Stuart, and Chandler. See Boeckh, C. Ins. Gr. from No. 321 to No. 346 incl. • See below, near the end of this Section. The Athenians of Delus (oi 'A0nvato oi iv Anλ, Boeckh, C. Ins. Gr. No. 2270) built an Olympieium in that island, and their town assumed the name of αἱ Νέαι ̓Αθῆναι ̔Αδριαναί. Phlegon. Trall. ap. Stephan. in 'OXvμmεiov. Remains of the town and of the temple still exist. For some further remarks on the Olympicium, see Appendix X. Pan and The cavern sacred to Apollo and Pan is described Cave of by Herodotus as having been below the Acropolis', Clepsydra. and by Pausanias as a little below the Propylæa, near a spring of water 2. We find, accordingly, the cavern, and adjacent to it the source, which in modern times has supplied an artificial fountain a little lower down the hill, from whence it was conveyed by an aqueduct to a mosque in the bazár. The spring was named Clepsydra, and more anciently Empedo, the former name having been derived from a supposed subterraneous communication with Phalerum3. It is described as having been in the Acropolis. This is explained by a flight of steps cut in the rock, which formed a communication to the fountain from the platform of the Acropolis, at the northern end of the Propylæa. 1 Αθηναῖοι Herod. 6, 105. 3 ἱδρύσαντο ὑπὸ τῇ ̓Ακροπόλι Πανὸς ἱερόν. 'See above, p. 159, n. 5. ΚΙ. ὅπου τὸ τοῦ Πανὸς καλόν. ΜΥ. καὶ πῶς ἔθ ̓ ἁγνὴ δῆτ' ἂν ἔλθοιμ' ἐς πόλιν ; πλησίον τοῦ Πανείου ἡ Κλεψύδρα. Schol. ibid. Ἐν τῇ ̓Ακροπόλει ἦν κρήνη ἡ Κλεψύδρα, πρότερον Εμπεδῶ λεγομένη· ἔχει δὲ τὰς ῥύσεις ὑπὸ γῆν, φέρουσα εἰς τὸν Φαληρέων λιμένα. Schol. Arist. Lysist. 912. V. et Schol. Arist. Vesp. 853. Av. 1694. Hesych. in Κλεψύδρα, Κλεψίῤῥυτον, Πέδω. The same spring had the reputation of swelling, like the Nile, at the beginning of the Etesian winds, and of falling at their termination (Istrus ap. Schol. Aristoph. Av. 1694); a peculiarity easily credible, as the cessation of the wind occurs at the end of August, the dryest season of the year. * It now appears (1837) that the fountain, which was imme Enneacru nus. In further conformity with ancient evidence, we may remark, that in the cavern are two excavated ledges, on which we may suppose statues of the two deities to have stood, and that its sides are pierced with numerous niches and holes, for the reception and suspension of votive offerings; some of the nails which filled the holes have even been found in the cave. A statue of Pan, which is now in the public library at Cambridge, was discovered in a garden at no great distance below the cavern; possibly the identical figure, dedicated by Miltiades, when Pan was first associated in this cavern with Apollo for the services attributed to him at Marathon, and for which dedication Simonides wrote an epigram'. We find the position of the cave of Pan exactly represented on a coin of the British Museum2. Judging only from Pausanias, we might suppose that Enneacrunus was not far from the western diately below the cave of Pan in 1807, was not the real and 1 Τὸν τραγόπουν ἐμὲ Πᾶνα τὸν ̓Αρκάδα, τὸν κατὰ Μήδων 'See Plate I. fig. 1. Anthol. I. p. 131, Brunck. extremity of the Acropolis: for he mentions this fountain soon after having described the Stoa Basileius, which was in the inner Cerameicus, and reverts to the same stoa after having treated of the fountain together with some buildings near it. It might be naturally inferred, therefore, that Enneacrunus was in the inner Cerameicus, to the westward of the Acropolis, and not far from the Areiopagus. Wheler accordingly identified it with a fountain, which in his time issued from a structure of the usual Turkish form on the ridge which connects the Acropolis with the Areiopagus, and which may also be described as a hollow separating them. Stuart traced this spring to the foot of the lower battery in front of the Propylæa, from whence, when not diverted, it naturally flows to join the rivulet originating in the source near the grotto of Pan1. The consequence of this position of Enneacrunus would be, that the most ancient Odeium, as well as the temples of Ceres and Proserpine, of Triptolemus and of Eucleia, all which Pausanias places near Enneacrunus, are to be looked for towards the western end of the Acropolis; and the supposition has this great convenience, that the description of Pausanias then becomes locally continuous: instead of which, if Enneacrunus be placed at the south-eastern extremity of Athens, we are under the neces 1 Wheler, p. 383. Stuart, II. p. v. In the time of Stuart, the Turkish fountain no longer flowed, and the water was conveyed by pipes to a mosque in the bazár. sity of admitting that the writer leaps over half the diameter of the city without notice, and without mention of any intermediate object. There cannot, however, be any reasonable doubt, that Enneacrunus was really at the south-eastern extremity of the city. Herodotus relates, on the authority of Athenian traditions, that the Pelasgi, to whom lands had been assigned at the foot of Hymettus, as a reward for having fortified the Acropolis, were afterwards expelled from thence, because, among other offences, they ill-treated the sons and daughters of the Athenians when the latter were sent (there being at that time no servants in Greece) to draw water from Enneacrunus'. The fountain, therefore, was on the side of Athens towards Hymettus, a position confirmed by Thucydides, who thus describes Athens as it existed before the time of Theseus, and when it was only one of twelve townships into which Attica was then divided. "The city (says the historian) then consisted of that which is now the citadel, together with that portion of the present city which lies below it towards the south. A proof of this fact is afforded by the temples of the gods; for some of these are in 1 Ὡς δὲ αὐτοὶ ̓Αθηναῖοι λέγουσι, δικαίως ἐξελάσαι κατοικημέν νους γὰρ τοὺς Πελασγοὺς ὑπὸ τῷ Ὑμησσῷ, ἐνθεῦτεν ὁρμεωμένους, ἀδικέειν τάδε· φοιτᾷν γὰρ αἰεὶ τὰς σφετέρας θυγατέρας τε καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἐπ ̓ ὕδωρ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἐννεάκρουνον· οὐ γὰρ εἶναι τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον σφίσι κω οὐδὲ τοῖσι ἄλλοισι Ἕλλησι οἰκέτας· ὅκως δὲ ἔλθοιεν αὗται, τοὺς Πελασγοὺς ὑπὸ ὕβριός τε καὶ ὀλιγωρίης βιᾶσθαί opeas. Herodot, 6, 137. |
