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considerable size, and spacious in the interior, as the walls enclose, besides the Church and Cells of the Monks, a Cemetery and Hospital. The Church is ornamented with two pointed steeples, and lined with chesnut, beautifully carved and gilt; it is adorned with a great number of pictures and images of saints; there are about 50 monks attached to this foundation, who are all of the best families in the place, and the domains and revenues of this monastery are supposed to be immense, as it is considered the most opulent religious foundation in this City; it was erected in 1623.

The Monastery of St. Anthony is the most antient religious fonndation in this City. It stands, like most of the other Churches, on a lofty hill, about two miles from the water-side, towards the suburbs. The front of the Church exhibits a mixture of the Greek and Gothic Architecture that prevailed in Europe at the time of its erection; it was founded by Don Antonio De Almeida, in 1619. Under the Church there is a sepulchre, in which many of the nobility are in terred. The interior of this edifice, like St. Benedict, is adorned with a profusion of carving and gilding; and in the refectory there are some pictures executed by Murillo and other Spanish artists. The Cells of the Monks are built over a Colonade which encloses a large square; and under the arcades there are several

small Chapels similar to those in Westminster Abbey. At the foot of the hill that winds up to the Church there is a lofty stone cross of granite, before which genuflections are made by persons going up to the Church. The terrace commands an extensive prospect of the town, harbour, and shipping. On the summit of a lofty hill, contiguous to the aqueduct, the Nunnery of St. Theresa forms an interesting object in the view of the town: it is a plain edifice, in the form of an oblong square, of two stories, with one entrance, and the windows are elevated about 15 feet from the ground, and fenced with strong bars of iron: here there is no admittance for males further than the grate, outside of which, under the portal, an aged nun sits to sell artificial flowers, pictures, and embroidery, the work of the sisterhood. Attached to the Church there is a light handsome steeple, with a set of bells and chimes, remarkable for their sweet sound.

From this Sanctuary a romantic and secluded path extends along the ridge of the mountains that border on the town, which leads to the source of the water that supplies the aqueduct, which is a cascade that tumbles down the side of the mountain, and in its progress towards the city receives the element from several tributary streams. A. SINNOT. (To be continued.)

entered the Falace, and ran up to the apartment of the Secretary Vasconcellos. Anthony Correa, one of the Clerks of the Secretary, was the first victim who fell under the blows of the Conspirators.. Vasconcellos concealed himself in a large closet, under a pile of papers, but he did not escape the search of the Conspirators, who dragged him out, put him to death, and threw his body out of the window, exclaiming, "the Tyrant is dead, Long live Liberty, and Don Juan, King of Portugal." The Vice-Queen was shut up in her apartment.-She wished to go out to harangue the people, but one of the Conspirators, named Norogna, pressed her very strongly to go back." Fear, Madam," said he, "Fear the people. "-"What dare they do to me?" replied the Lady" Nothing more, Madam, than throw your Highness out of the window." The Spaniards were still in possession of the Citadel, and could give admission to the Spanish troops. The Conspirators went immediately to the Vice-Queen, and requested her to sign an order to the Governor, to deliver up the Citadel. She refused, but was threatened so strongly, that she sent the order, supposing the Governor would not obey a command which she had written in the power of the Conspirators. In that idea she was deceived, for the Governor, seeing the people in arms before the Citadel, and hearing their threats to cut him in pieces with his garrison, if he did not surrender, was glad of the pretext to give it up. The Conspirators baving no more to do, sent Mendoza and Mello to the Duke of Braganza with the news of his elevation to the Throne. the same time couriers were dispatched to all the provinces, to order public thanksgiving for the recovery of the liberty of Portugal. The Duke of Braganza was proclaimed King. He made his public entry into Lisbon, and was solemnly crowned. His Sovereignty was acknowledged, without contradiction, at Brazil and the Indies, the moment the people heard of the Revolution.

At

Mr.

Mr. URBAN,

Sept. 7.

Sept. 5.

Mr. URBAN, N April and May last, pp. 337, 338, Yun treating so unceremoniously 7OUR Correspondent, J. S. p. 126,

IN

and 388, 389, you duly notice a work intitled Remarks on the General [now Royal] Sea-Bathing Infirmary at West Brook, near Margate; ils public utility and local treatment. By Christianus. The Writers in that Work are Gentlemen of some note, differing in opinion with respect to the Institution. Among them I read the following names: James Taddy, esq.; Rev. William Frederick Bay lay; Joseph Rainbow, esq.; Daniel Jarvis, esq.; Julius Ludolphus Schroder, esq.; Thomas John Tayler, esq.; Stephen Ellis, esq.; L. Fussell, esq.; Rev. Weeden Butler; James Neild, esq.; Dr. Hurlock; and T. Chevalier, esq. The book is peculiarly interesting, as it constitutes a correct and lasting record, penned by the parties separately, in their own words; and as in all probability its sale tended with effect to accelerate a reconciliation in every point of view bonourable to the Clergy of the Isle of Thanet and to the Governors and Directors of the Infirmary.

On Wednesday, Aug. 9, 1820, the two Vice Presidents, Francis Cobb and James Taddy, esqrs. waited on Rev. William Frederick Baylay, in Cecil-square, and Mr. Warre soon joined the company. At the first application for the loan of his pulpit, Mr. B. slightly demurred, requiring something that should intimate the adjustment of all former disputes. To this requisition Mr. C. was ready to assent, but Mr. T. paused: happily, however, Mr. W. set the affair right; and harmony, peace, and mutual good-will were instantly established. Mr. Baylay's kindness was immediately emulated by his Clerical brethren throughout the Island. On Sunday, Aug. 27, the collections at Margate Church, at Ramsgate Chapel of Ease, at St. Peter's Church, at Zion and Ebenezer Chapels, Margate, and at Ebenezer Chapel, Ramsgate, together with sundry donations, amounted to 3727. Id.

Messrs. Blades and Warre bave of fered to advance each 500l. at five per cent. interest, for the enlargement of the building. The improvements and additions are to commence whensoever the necessary contracts shall have been agreed upon.-ESTO PERPETUA! LONDINENSIS.

the opinion of Robert Cooke, Clarencieux Roy D'armes (in p. 35, of the preceding Number) is by no means justified; for the case he submits with the opinion of that learned and emiuent civilian, Dr. Swabey, is totally different in point from the case in which Clarencieux gave his opinion. In the case quoted by J. S. the cloth was purchased by and put up by order of the Churchwardens acting as officers of the parish, and the action was brought by them, as officers of the parish, against the incumbent. It should be observed, Cooke lived in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when all funerals of the nobility and gentry were conducted under the direction of the Heralds, a body of persons, of whom Cooke was a senior member, and is reported to have been a man of considerable skill and reputation. Upon those occasions the Heralds were themselves (and I believe now are, where they officiate,) interested in, and benefited by the articles placed in the Churches at those solemnities; and therefore Clarencieux was extremely competent to know from his experience, how that portion of the cloth, of which he speaks, was in those days appropriated. Would his opinion have been taken had he not been considered conversant with the subject? A CONSTANT READER,

Mr. URBAN,

IN

July 28.

N consequence of your Review of Mr. Lascelles's "Heraldic Origin of Gothic Architecture," (p. 142) I was induced to peruse his work with the minute attention which it deserves.

Mr. Lascelles first limiting his inquiry, and distinguishing between the PROGRESS and the ORIGIN merely of the Pointed Arch, begins by enumer ating seriatim the most celebrated systems, answering them as he goes along, and showing the particular bias of speculation which led to those systems. Then distinguishing between what may be called the true historical style, and what may be called merely the legendary, he lays down as a fundamental position: that the Pointed, as well as all other styles of Temple Architecture, (as distinguished from buildings for domestic and military uses) are IMITATIVE and essentially His

TOR

TORICAL: that is, they are emblemati. cal devices of some remarkable event, story, character, or religious attribute in the history of whole people, and that a people of great antiquity and celebrity: that the choice and adoption of a style of Temple Architecture was by no means a capricious preference of any arbitrary conventional pattern, which is variable ad infinitum: that mere taste, or fancy is too temporary, local, and fluctuating a principle to account for his choice. Some greater principle than mere determinate, powerful and universal, is required to controul the will of nations, throughout so many climates and ages, in adhering to any particular style, as that of the Pointed Arch, for example. Not to mention that other arches are by many of the first judges decided to have in them more simplicity and beauty than the pointed one; and also, that this being the weakest of all the arches, in structures of stone, the beauty of utility also must be laid out of this inquiry.

He then shews that heraldry, being historical, using colours for its language or expressions, that Temple Architecture is equally so; using only more durable and massive materials; that civil and military crowns (as the mural, the naval, and obsidional crown among the Romans,) allude always to some remarkable feature in civil or military Architecture -and that the mitre and tiaru, which are taken from the Jewish Priest hood, allude to their kindred style, the ecclesiastical, by the same analogy. And, accordingly, we meet with this curvilinearly-pointed form, at every glance, repeated in the windows, doors, ceilings, the transepts, and nave of a Gothic Cathedral.

Mr. Lascelles acknowledges the Gothic to be the most awful and majestic of any style; possessing as much delicacy and sprightliness as it does vastness and sublimity.

The next step he takes is to inquire from what incident that pattern was taken, at what period, and why?

Mr. Lascelles shows that the Cathedral ceremony or ritual (restored and carried to its highest pitch during the Crusades) is, point for point, of Hebrew original: that this ritual, kept up by the Greek and Latin Churches, has many ceremonies and

emblems in common with the Pagans: that among these last, a tradition of a deluge was universally received, as well as among the Hebrews themselves: that it was commemorated particularly in Egypt and at the Elusinian mysteries, by carrying about a SHIP OF BOAT, with a shrine in it: which religious pomp was performed by Priests; while among the Jews also the first Church was a mere portable ark or tabernacle. That it is remarkable the Jews confined their notions of salvation to the present life only; having no distinct revelation (before the coming of the MESSIAH) of a future state, as Bishop Warburton has proved. But even if there is any doubt concerning the accuracy of this position of Warburton's — the very doubt proves that that important doctrine is not so clearly and manifestly expressed in any part of the Old Testament, as it is THROUGHOUT the New. That to the Jews, therefore, as well as to all the Pagan nations, the event of so supernatural a destruction as that caused by the deluge, but above all, that singular instance of supernatural preservation in the family of one man, the father of the human race, by means of the ark, was the most awful event that had occurred since the creation of the world; and that any monument or representation of it exhibited to the senses, the most significant token of the Deity's power, severity, and favour; all at once-the great objects of our admiration, fears and hopes. That the belief or non-belief by any one in this age, of there having once occurred such a phenomenon as the deluge, is immaterial to the argument; it is enough that, the first ages believed it. That the Hebrew ceremonial was expressly calculated to make a great impres sion on the senses: while the instrument or means of such signal preservation of the Patriarchal family, or any thing in its form or shape, any likeness to, or emblem of it, was held sacred by the Jews, as well as by ALL the antients; was imitated in their religious representations, their coins, their sacred vestments, sacred utensils, as well as temples-in fact was to them the only emblem known of salvation and immortality. That sacred, as well as profane writers,

agree

agree in the account of the same man (called Noah by the former, and Deucalion, or Janus, by the latter,) having immediately after the deluge FOUNDED PUBLIC WORSHIP : that the fable of the two-faced Janus, and the story of Prometheus and Epimetheus, denoted the man who had seen the world before, as well as after the deluge-the man who had lived twice, or rather three times, for the interval of the deluge itself was accounted au intermediate state of being; that altars, and even whole temples were built in the form of a ship and that the Arkite worship in a temple of the form of a ship, was diffused universally over all the antient world from China to our re motest western isles. That the proportions of the Ark of Moses, or the Ark of the Covenant (the tabernacle, so often mentioned in the Old Testament, and alluded to, figuratively, in the New) these proportions are evidently those of a ship or boat; and that though Moses does not in express terms prescribe the shape of a boat or ship, he prescribes no other shape-nor was it necessary to prescribe the shape in words, under the supposition that this was the very purpose they had then immediately under their eyes, while the dimensions it was necessary to specify, these being variable, and a matter of regulation. That the proportions given by Moses are evidently those of a boat or ship; and assuming that the ark of the deluge was of course in that shape that the form of a Gothic nave co-incides with those proportions; while the very word nave is derived from a name imply ing a ship in all the old languages. To which may be added further, that among the Hebrews and Saxons, the one an exclusively-maritime-and the other, an exclusively-shepherd people, residing in tents-the first arti ficial building was intended to move, or to rest upon the waters only: accordingly, that among these two nations, the word for a building and a ship is the same. Whence it follows, by the fairest analogy, that not only the first altar, but the first tabernacle (as well as the ark of the deluge) were all three in the form of a ship or boat: (that curvilinearly conical form, observable in the pier of a bridge, in in the shape of a fish, in the superficies of a tumulus, and in a surgeon's

lancet:) and that any perpendicular, horizontal, or parabolic section of THIS form GIVES THE POINTED ARCH. In the course of the Essay, Mr. Lascelles shews that all crowns antient and modern, as well as tiaras, mitres, crosiers, and sceptres; all military standards of nations, and all coats of arms of individual families, were originally religious symbols, derived through the lower Greek Empire from the antient Jews and Egyptians, and revived by the Crusaders and Freemasons, so long the celebrated itinerant Architects of Europe. And he suggests that this Architecture may not improperly be called the Mosaic, or Cathedral Atchitecture; recommending, at the same time, an entire reconsideration of this subject to the Society of Antiquaries by those of their members who are conversant in the Hebrew Language and Antiquities. In the mean time he reduces every imaginable variety of the Pointed Arch into three formulæ, which be entitles: I. The lancet, or mitre point. II. The chalice, canopy, or diadem point. III. The embowed point. The last formula is the perpendicular section; it supposes a boat reversed. But in this, as well as in the other two sections (the horizontal and oblique), the keel makes the point in all.

Though the work is not long, it notices some curious particulars, detailed by way of illustration, that cannot well be inserted in these l mits, as well as three outlines engraved of the respective sections of a ship, above-mentioned. And these three formulæ, he embodies in the following theorem : "Place the model of a keel upright, and fixing its top in a swivel, this keel revolved about a perpendicular axis (with variable degrees of opening at the lowerextremity) will make that irregular curvilinear cone, any hyperbolic section of which gives the Pointed Arch.”

The proofs Mr. Lascelles makes use of in his argument are, besides the reason of the thing, and the bistorical purpose of Temples: I. The coinciding positive testimony, cotemporaneous and successive, from age to age, of profane writers, corroborated by Scripture. II. Analogy. III. And last, Etymology.

Mr. L. announces also, as in a state of preparation, an Essay on the Origin of the Grecian Orders. A. Z.

Mr.

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