ing that it was dedicated by L. Æmilius Fortunatus to his best

friend. It may represent either the person by whom it was given or some member of the Imperial family. It has considerable resemblance in features to Ælius Verus, and may therefore be intended for him. It was found in 1776 near Genzano. A bust of a young man, erected in his honour by the Decemviri litibus judicandis, or Commissioners for judging certain civil actions, as an inscription round the plinth declares, and sometimes attributed to Marcellus, the son of Octavia, Augustus's sister. The character of the workmanship, however, would point to the period of the Antonines for the time of its execution. A draped bust of a female, wearing a rich head-dress, and whose name, as appears from an inscription on the plinth, was Olympias. This bust formerly belonged to Mr. Burke. A bust of a female, with her head elegantly bound round by broad fillets, which conceal the greater part of the hair, and bearing some resemblance in treatment to Hygieia, Psyche, and the Muses. This bust was discovered near Genzano in 1784. The heads of two children,one a female, with the hair curiously arranged in a series of plaits, which converge from all sides towards the back of the head, where they are twisted in a knot. This head was probably executed about the time of Caracalla. It is evidently a portrait, though the name of its prototype cannot now be ascertained. It was brought from Rome in 1785. The other the head of a boy, with two singular locks of hair represented curling over the right ear.

T. 106.-Decebalus.

VII. SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS.

The Sepulchral Monuments in the Towneley collection form a large and interesting series of subjects; for convenience of reference and classification they may be divided into several different heads, as the following:

1. Greek Monuments, mostly inscribed.
2. Bas-reliefs, chiefly from Sarcophagi.
3. Sarcophagi, Etruscan and Roman.

1. Greek Monuments, mostly inscribed.

We may presume that these monuments, for the most part, if not all, executed during the Roman period, have been used in commemoration of Greek personages, the inscriptions on them being in that language. The first we shall notice is a Greek sepulchral or votive bas-relief, surrounded by a deep moulding, the sides being supported by pilasters, representing a father and his two sons, all three dressed in the Roman military dresses, consulting the oracle of

Apollo. Their right hands are placed upon their breasts to indicate the Religious awe with which they are impressed. To the right, Apollo appears seated on the cortina or tripod cover, in the act of delivering his response; between him and the Romans stand his mother and sister, Leto and Artemis, the former holding in her left hand the offering which has been made, and which Mr. Combe conjectures to have been frankincense. Beneath these figures is a Greek inscription, containing the vestiges of two verses written in a columnar form, mentioning the name of Apollo, and probably, when perfect, that of the chief figure who makes the offering.

The next is also a Greek Sepulchral Monument, representing a Trophy, on one side of which a warrior is standing, and on the other

side a female figure is feeding a serpent, which is entwined round the tree to which the trophy is attached. Behind the warrior is his horse and an attendant, whose head only is visible. Above and below the monument is a Greek inscription, recording the names of several persons who probably had fallen in some battle, with the names of the cities to which they respectively belonged. This piece of sculpture was brought to England by Mr. Topham in 1725, and was presented to the Museum in 1780 by Sir Joseph Banks and Mr. Frazer. The next is a bas-relief to Exacestes and his wife, representing the former as a young man, seated on a chair without a back, clothed in a tunic and peplus, and his feet on a footstool. His right hand is joined in that of his wife, who is standing in front of him. A little boy leans against the seat of Exacestes, and a little girl holding a box stands near his wife. In the back-ground is a column, on which is a double cornucopiæ, and near it another circular column. Over the bas-relief are two crowns of laurel and a circular plate, recording that the Demus has erected this monument in honour of Exacestes, the son of Androbulus, and his wife. This monument originally belonged to Dr. Mead.

The next is a sepulchral monument of a person named Xanthippus, who is represented as an elderly man, bearded, and seated to the left in a chair. In his right hand he holds a human foot. By his side and in front of him stand two females, the first a child. On the lower cornice of a pediment which is sculptured above the figures, is inscribed, in old Greek characters, the name Xanthippus. As the eyes of the female figures are directed towards the foot, it is likely that the monument is a votive one, for the cure of some wound or injury done to that member. We have no means of determining to whom the monument refers. This monument was formerly in the possession of Dr. Askew.

The next is a sepulchral monument inscribed to Isias, the daughter of Metrodorus, a native of Laodicæa, erected, as it would seem, by the Demus of that town in her honour. It represents a female standing by the side of a tree, and holding a sistrum and situlus, draped to the feet, and wearing over the back of her head what seems to be a veil. Over the bas-relief is the inscription and the word Demus in a laurel wreath. The marble has a triangular termination, common in sepulchral monuments. It came from Smyrna, and was purchased at an auction in London, in 1772, by Mr. Duane and Mr. Tyrwhitt, and presented by them to the Museum.

The next, which also came from Smyrna, and was presented by the same two gentlemen, is in like manner a Greek sepulchral monument.

The bas-relief in front represents two figures; the one to the right seated Democles, the son of Amphilochus, his right hand joined in that of Democles, the son of Democles. Two smaller figures, apparently sons, stand one behind each of the larger figures. Over each of the heads of the latter figures is a crown of laurel, inscribed with the word Demus. Beneath is an epitaph in eight elegiac verses. Montfaucon supposed that this monument was one erected at the public expense to two persons of equal desert; Mr. Tyrwhitt, on the other hand, attributes it to one person, Democles, the son of Democles, and grandson of Amphilochus, by the son of the deceased, together with the wife of either himself or the deceased.

The next is also a Greek sepulchral monument from Smyrna, and presented, likewise, by the same two gentlemen. It is sacred to the memory of Alexander, the son of Alexander, a native of Nicomedia in Bithynia. In front, within a portico, is a bas-relief, representing a funereal feast, with figures, apparently, of Alexander himself, his mother, Philipia, the daughter of Pontianus, and two children. Beneath is an epitaph, declaring that the tomb has been made for the above-mentioned persons, and ordering a fine of 2500 drachmæ to the exchequer, and as many to the state, for whoever deposits any other body in the same tomb.

The next is a marble slab to the memory of Abeita, who is represented sitting, and in front of her a column, on which is a tablet with rolls of paper, and behind her a dog in a fawning attitude. At the bottom is her name in a short inscription.

The next is a fragment of a sepulchral monument to Eperia. It represents a female figure seated, her right hand joined in that of a male figure who is standing before her. Below is an inscription with her name, Eperia, the wife of Demetrius, an Antiochian. The monument appears to have been formerly arched at the top.

The next is a small sepulchral bas-relief, considerably mutilated, and representing a youth nearly naked, with drapery round his waist, seated on a bank or a rock fishing with an angle; a basket or pannier rests on his left knee. An inscription on it states that it was erected to Asilchus, in remembrance by his comrade Agathemotaros. This marble was purchased at the sale of Lord Besborough's marbles in 1801.

The next is a sepulchral monument bearing a bas-relief, and representing a female seated beneath a circular arch, and inscribed to Musis, the daughter of Argæus, a native of Miletus. The monument has the usual triangulated top, It came from Athens, and was presented to the Museum by the Society of Dilettanti, in 1785.