has very probably conduced to our Author's indulging as much in tautology, as if he was writing a leafe or a conveyance. The Globuli of the blood are termed the Globula. The word Cortex is certainly either mafculine or feminine, though much oftener occurring in the mafculine gender; but Dr.. Hillary, having frequent occafion to mention the Jefuits' Bark, conftantly terms it Cortex Peruviana, perhaps to puzzle inferior scholars. The cito, tuto et jucunde of Celfus, is transcribed by our Author into feita tute et jucunde; which has not the fame fenfe with the fentence in Celfus, if any sense at all.

Many of the Greek citations, to which our Author refers, are incorrectly printed; but fome allowance must be made. for the more frequent errors of compofitors in that language. Not one of thefe faults, however, is noted in the Errata. Befides this Author's not diftinguishing between the fingular and plural of Miafma, (an infectious particle) his Synochus, or continual Fever, is always fpelt uvexes, inftead of Euνεχης. His Fanigmi, or rubefying Applications, fhould have been fpelt with Ph inftead of F, left the young Phyficians, for whom he writes, fhould mistake them for applications of chopt hay, from the Latin word Fanum. Hæmoptoe (a fpitting of blood) he always calls Hamoptoen, poffibly to give it more of an English termination. The paffage cited from the Epidemics in the Note, p. 24, is not Greek, and has no meaning, as it is printed. His printing Ignis vehemens immediately after Пug habe, and Ignis vel Febris vehementiffima after ПIve ελabεv, p. 450, (which indeed is the conftruction Foëfius gives of Ilug in thefe different cafes) may mislead a young Grecian to think the verb λas (he took or was feized with) fignified vehement; and eλabev, most vehement.

It may be confidered, perhaps, as fome extenuation of all fuch blemishes, to give them their gentleft appellation, that Dr. Hillary had premifed in his Preface, "He was more attentive to reafoning truly, and expreffing his fentiments plainly and intelligibly, than how to fay things elegantly and prettily; though the latter may be more admired by fome fuperficial critics and pedants than the firft." Nevertheless, if his confcious importance looked down with contempt on elegance and correctnefs, or whatever he might mean by prettiness, he ought not to have defpifed Grammar fo often as he has. Quintilian fays exprefsly, — Corruet quicquid fuperfruxeris, nifi fundamenta jecerit Grammatica: and certainly REV. April, 1762.

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the syntax and idiom of any language are effential parts of it, as neceflary to its being readily intelligible. But if accuracy, precifion, elegance, and concifeness of expreffion, are really trifles in his eftimation, fome regard fhould be had to selfconsistence at least. Erotian fays of Hippocrates, our Author's prime favourite, that his phrafe is the fame with Homer's; and though, as he was born in the ifle of Cos, his native dialect was the Doric, yet the dialect of his writings is Ionic: and, as Galen thought, with a tincture of the Attic. These he probably chose as more elegant, and more polifhed than his own; a very natural preference for a Physician, who wrote profeffedly on Medical Elegance. Dr. Hillary fays truly of Celfus,That he was a man of fine parts, found judgment, and univerfal learning, and no less eloquent, as his ftyle is fo elegant, concife and pure, that it has always been esteemed the ftandard of the Latin tongue." Of Aretæus he says, p. 108, -"He has fo elegantly and concisely described difeafes, and all their fymptoms, that the Reader fees the very picture of the disease, as if the patient was before his eyes; and with all the elegance and politenefs of the Ionic ftyle."-This he has more briefly repeated, p. 193. Alexander Trallianus is thus commended: "His manner of writing is clear, his ftyle concife, his language good Ionic Greek."To come to the Arabic, (our Author's perfection in which atones perhaps for his mistakes in English, Latin, and Greek) Rhazis is faid to have written his works in pure Arabic; and Avicenna, in as pure and elegant Arabic, as Cicero did Latin, or Ariftotle or Demofthenes Greek." He immediately adds,

"But the low, barbarous Latin, in which we now have them, as they were tranflated by the European Physicians afterwards, in the ages of ignorance, renders them difagreeable to the polite fcholar; and may be one, if not the chief reafon, why they are fo little efteemed and read; or rather, fo much contemned,"

We seriously wish the Doctor had fully confidered, and properly applied, this probable reflection of his own. We had already recited his cenfure of Cælius Aurelianus, for tranflating the works of the fect of methodistical Physicians into bad language, into Numidian Latin. Now it appears unaccountable, that all the advantages, and even beauties of good expreffion, fhould be thus eftimable in fo many Writers, (and the want of them fo reprehenfible in one) according to our Author's judgment, and yet fo little worth attending to in his own work. As Cælius lived and wrote in Numidia, fome allowance

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allowance fhould be made for his barbarous Latin; which circumstance ought to be confidered alfo with respect to Dr. Hillary's English, who refided long in Barbadoes amongst a majority of the African race; a fituation, which has fometimes been obferved to corrupt and mutilate the speech of the white natives there. In fact, this feems by far the leaft commendable of our Author's many productions in point of language, method, and perfpicuity.

Yet, though it is very natural to fuppofe, that clear and just expreffion is generally the refult of thinking clearly and justly, we decline the least inference in prejudice of Dr. Hillary's abilities in his profeffion. He feems to have acted with great care and affiduity in it; to have thought of it not a little; and to have conftructed his practice on that of the most rational and moft capable Phyficians antient and modern. This excellent choice muft imply a good judgment; he must have set out upon a right fcent; and his notions in his important occupation appear to us, as far as we are capable of collecting them from his different works, practical, fafe, and prudent. It is to be regretted that they are not better expreffed and digefted; and if our representation of his present defects, as a Writer, have the effect we wifh, and his humour of publishing returns, we shall be glad of as juft an occafion to teftify our different fentiments of his next production. It is manifeftly against our own intereft to contract the number of Authors; but our duty to the approving Public will fufficiently apologize for all our juft criticifm on any work, that is tendered to their inspection.

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Naval Evolutions: Or, A Syftem of Sea-Difcipline. Extracted from the celebrated Treatife of P. L'Hofte, Profeffor of Mathematics in the Royal Seminary of Toulon; confirmed by Experience; illuftrated by Examples from the most remarkabl Sea-Engagements between England and Holland; embellished with eighteen Copper-plates; and adapted to the Ufe of the British Navy. To which are added, An Abstract of the Theory of Ship-building; an Essay on Naval Difcipline, by a late experienced Sea-Commander; a general Idea of the A mament of the French Nary; with fome practical Obfervations. By Chriftopher O'Bryen, Efq; Lieutenant in his Majefty's Navy. 4to. 10 s. 6d. fewed. Johnfton.

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Compendium of Naval Difcipline will certainly be confidered as a curiofity, in a country where that art

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never appeared in fyftematic form; but it must not be concluded from hence, that Britons, fo famous for marine exploits, could acquire their reputation on the feas, without the knowlege and practice of the rules contained in the work before us. Were this the cafe, there would be small reafon to adopt the difcipline of a nation, who have generally so ill fucceeded whenever they have contended with us. That the fact, however, is otherwife, appears from this circumftance, that the illuftrations are chiefly drawn from inftances furnished by the English, and Hollanders: indeed exercifes of fuperior skill cannot long continue national, fince they become univerfal lessons to all who traverse the ocean. It may alfo be obferved, that whatever fuperiority we manifeft over our neighbours, in the fuccefs of our enterprizes, the praise is in a great measure due to the intrepid fpirit of thofe poor fellows who fupply hands and hearts, who go through the heat of the work, who are always the greatest fufferers, and who are too much overlooked in eftimating the merits of action. Different modes of government have great effect on the fubjects of them, efpecially on thofe who feel the difference moft. English officers will not be fo ungenerous as to deny their antagonists the French, that repure which their military merit claims; but what avails the most confummate fkill in command, if the common men are not equal to the execution, and will not ftand to their quarters? The French, therefore, write good Treatifes on Military Arts, while the English, proceeding from victory to victory, have not leisure to write, though they may receive benefit from the leffons of their vanquished enemies.

Mr. O'Bryen's account of the work he has tranflated, is contained in the Introduction; which, being but fhort, is here given.

"Those who have any knowlege of the Marine, will undoubtedly allow, that the ART of NAVAL EVOLUTIONS is abfolutely neceflary; fince this art confifts only in the manner of regulating the feveral movements of a Naval Army. Without this art it refembles that of the moft barbarous nations, who have not the leaft knowlege of war; who act without any other rule or order than what their wild ungoverned imaginations fuggeft to them, or chance throws in their way. Without a proper knowlege of the art of Evolutions, an Admiral will difpofe of his fleet but very imperfectly, whether in oppofing the enemy, cutting them off, doubling upon, avoiding, or chacing them to the greatest advantage: for

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all these things require, that an Admiral fhould move each part of his fleet, as the mind moves the different members of the human body.

"Without a knowlege of these various Evolutions, the leaf alteration in wind or weather, &c. may occafion great confufion in a fleet. Officers, however zealous, are at a lofs how to act, or how to recover order and regularity again, when once difconcerted; fhips fall a-board, and fometimes fink each other, are obliged to cut away mafts, yards, &c. and confequently are fubject to many fatal difafters; befides lofing perhaps the favourable opportunity of gaining to windward of, or doubling upon the enemy, which they will undoubtedly avail themselves of, if you do not. Whereas a knowlege of the proper management of a fleet removes all thefe embarrassments, which they are otherwife liable to. It fhews general-officers, as well as particulars, what they can, and what they ought to do in fuch circumftances, and likewife deprives them of any pretext they might make to cover their ignorance, on failure of duty, in not following the orders or fignals given them.

"Besides, these Evolutions are so plain and fimple in themfelves, that they require not the leaft knowlege of geometry. A little application, with fome experience, will render eafy and familiar all the movements of a fleet, with their proper ufe upon all occafions.

"It is not to be doubted but fea-officers, who know their duty in every other refpect as feamen, will as foon make themfelves mafters of thefe Naval Evolutions, as land-officers learn their military exercife, in forming fquadrons and battalions, in ranging them properly, and giving them fuch wheelings and motions, as are neceffary in the field, against a day of battle.

"I have here added to the rules I propofe, the examples of the most experienced fea-officers of the age; and have taken. occafion to recite the principal engagements which have happened at fea, ever fince fhips of force have taken place of gallies in naval armies, or fleets, in which their ftrength formerly confifted.

"We must allow the marine hitherto to be a mystery to those who have never been at fea: the most exact relations, and the most faithful accounts of fea-engagements, appear to them like fo many imaginary exploits, which they cannot be lieve because they do not understand them. They hear inconteftable

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