J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY'S

NEW BOOKS.

Barbara Dering.

A sequel to "THE QUICK OR THE DEAD," by AMELIE RIVES. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.

A Sister's Sin.

A new story by Mrs. H. LOVETT CAMERON. Lippincott's Series of Select Novels. 12mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00.

My Flirtations.

By MARGARET WYNMAN. An amusing recital of the loves of a young London girl. Illustrated, 12mo, satin, $1.25.

By Subtle Fragrance Held.

By MARY FLETCHER STEVENS. 12mo, cloth, $1.

Columbian Selections.

American Patriotism. For Home and School. By HENRY B. CARRINGTON, U.S.A., LL.D., author of "Patriotic Reader," etc. With tributes to Columbus by JOEL BARLOW, WASHINGTON IRVING, FRANCIS BELLAMY, and others. 12mo, cloth, 75 cents.

Handy-Book of Literary
Curiosities.

By WILLIAM S. WALSH, author of "Literary Life." Small 8vo. Uniform with "Reader's Handbook." Half morocco, $3.50; three-quarters calf, $5.00.

A collection of the bric-a-brac of literature, literary forgeries, hoaxes, jests, enigmas, conundrums, paradoxes, etc., exploited; proverbs, sayings, slang phrases, and familiar lines correlated and traced to their source; plagiarisms, analogies, and coincidences detected; the whole forming a complete encyclopædia of all that is most amusing and entertaining in the ana of the past and present, and an indispenable reference-book of curious, quaint, and outof-the-way information that has never before been collected in book form.

NEW PUBLICATIONS.

THE

YOUTH OF FREDERICK THE GREAT.

By ERNEST LAVISSE, Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Translated from the French by MARY BUSHNELL COLEMAN. 1 vol., 462 pages, cloth, $2.00.

One of the finest historical biographies that has appeared in recent years. It has been received with the greatest favor in Europe, many eminent German critics having expressed the opinion that this celebrated French Academician has produced the best history of Frederick the Great that has yet appeared. The translation by Mrs. Coleman is an excellent one, and as the work treats of the most eventful epoch in German history it will prove of great value to every student, as well as of fascinating interest to the general reader.

ENGLAND AND ITS RULERS.

A Concise Compendium of the History of England and Its People. By H. POMEROY BREWSTER and GEORGE H. HUMPHREY. Cloth, 350 pages, price, $1.50.

"One of those invaluable aids to busy men and women who are too pressed for time to look up the necessary facts for themselves. The data are methodically and well arranged, and represent a vast deal of patient toil on the part of its authors. There is hardly a superfluous word to be found in the pages. Celt and Roman, Saxon and Danish rule are each given a paper, and with William the Conqueror the tabled history proper begins. At the close of each period is a general brief summary of progress." The Republican, Springfield, Mass.

-

COLUMBUS: An Epic Poem.

Giving an accurate history of the great discovery in rhymed heroic verse. By Prof. SAMUEL JEFFERSON, F.R.A.S., F.C.S. 1 vol., illustrated, cloth, price, $1.25.

"We cannot doubt that very many will avail themselves of the opportunity this handsome book affords for studying the heroic figures of the renowned navigator and the historic scene on which his deeds were done, in the more radiant light of poetic creation."—The Standard, Chicago.

RECENTLY PUBLISHED.

A STUDY OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY. By ELLEN M. MITCHELL. With an introduction by WILLIAM ROUNSEVILLE ALGER. 1 vol., cloth, $1.25.

"An able and in every respect an admirable volume. It sets forth in a clear and interesting style the importance and value of the study of philosophy, and is well calculated to incite a desire and love for the study."-Christian at Work, New York.

MENS CHRISTI.

By JOHN STEInfort KedneY, D.D. 1 vol., cloth, $1.00. "Thought-provoking in the extreme and instructive on new and bold lines of thought."-Methodist Review, New York.

HINDU LITERATURE.

By ELIZABETH A. REED, Member of the Philosophical Society of Great Britain. 1 vol., 428 pages, cloth, price, $2.00.

"It is among the most entertaining and instructive volumes ever written upon this subject. It is plain, clear, and methodical, devoid of all technicalities, and adapted fully to the wants of all intelligent readers."-Boston Daily Traveller.

CIVILIZATION: An Historical Review. By CHARLES MORRIS, author of the "Ayran Race; Its Origin and Its Achievements." 2 vols., 12mo, over 1,000 pages, $4. "Those who read it will find its broad survey of history fitted to widen their thought, ennoble their sympathies and quicken their faith in the fact that all these paths of thought and action are leading to a better order of things."-Chicago Advance.

For sale by all Booksellers, or sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the publishers,

S. C. GRIGGS & CO.,
Nos. 262 & 264 WABASH AVE.,

CHICAGO.

ing public, through a thoroughly organized press department, the results of such original work, the university is engaged in a kind of extension quite as important as any other. There are two ways of shedding intellectual light upon a community: there is the even and diffused radiance typified by the ordinary methods of University Extension, and there is the concentrated search-light typified by the work that should be done by a University Press. Work of this latter sort cannot meet the popular test which puts but the one question: Is it self-supporting? It cannot be expected to pay in the practical sense; the more valuable it is, the less likely is it that it will bring any corresponding pecuniary return. It would be a mockery for the university to encourage research without providing for the publication of its fruits. Under these circumstances, it becomes simply the duty of the university to assume the cost of this work, a duty as clear as that of compensating its instructors for their services.

To the Johns Hopkins University we owe the first distinct and unqualified recognition in this country of the importance of the University Press. Previous to its foundation, a few of our colleges had put forth occasional monographs or other publications, but no important and systematic work had been done in this direction. At the very start, however, the Johns Hopkins University organized a wellequipped press department, and the record of its sixteen years' existence is one of which the institution may well be proud. "The Johns Hopkins University has encouraged publication," is the modest statement made by President Gilman, in a recent retrospect. To explain what the statement means requires a catalogue. In the first place, it means the publication of the "American Journal of Mathematics," the "American Chemical Journal," the "American Journal of Philology," and "Modern Language Notes," four periodicals which are recognized as the foremost American organs of their respective subjects. It means, furthermore, the publication of several series of the highest value to scholarship: "Studies from the Biological Laboratory," "Studies in Historical and Political Science," and "Contributions to Assyriology." It means also the publication of a great variety of miscellaneous volumes, including the valuable extra volumes of the Historical and Political Science Studies, and such works as Rowland's plates of the solar spectrum, Brooks's collection of morphological monographs, and Harris's editions of oriental manuscripts. It even means the publication of a volume of miscellaneous essays by the head of the philological faculty.

Stimulated by the example thus set, a number of our other universities have developed press departments of much importance. From Harvard are issued the "Quarterly Journal of Economics" and a valuable series of classical studies. From Columbia we have the "Political Science Quarterly," from Cornell the " Philosophical Review," and from Clark the "Journal of Morphology" and "The

American Journal of Psychology." From many other institutions, large and small, monographs and volumes of special studies fitfully appear. The newer universities are taking up this work with special energy. special energy. Leland Stanford Junior has just issued its first monograph, the earnest of many to come; and the University of Chicago has planned its work of publication upon so large a scale that it bids fair to rival the institution which acted as the pioneer in this department of educational enterprise. The University of Chicago has, indeed, more frankly than any other, recognized publication as an indispensable adjunct to university work, and proposes that each of its departments shall issue a special review or series of studies.

While the endowment and prospects of such institutions as the Leland Stanford Junior University and the University of Chicago may admit of a work of publication thus liberally planned, the case is different with institutions of more limited resources; and just what the latter should attempt to do becomes a question of serious practical importance. A monograph published by some small college in Pennsylvania, or Ohio, or Texas, may have the highest scientific value, but will fail to reach the audience to which it appeals, because students in the department to which it belongs are not accustomed to look to that particular source for their information. Local pride tends to encourage a great many publications of this scattering sort, which are made ineffective by their furtive and sporadic issue. It would be far better for science, if less flattering to the individual institution, for such work to be sent to some organ of well-established authority, even if issued under the auspices of a rival university. A classical paper hailing from the University of North Dakota, for example, is put to much better use if sent to the "American Journal of Philology" than if published in pamphlet form at its place of origin. When it becomes evident that the existing organs have reached their limit, and cannot take care of the original work in their respective departments, it is then time to think of establishing others. even then, the work of starting new organs should be left to the larger and wealthier institutions. The prevalence of comity in these matters, or the arrangement of some systematic scheme of coöperation, should be strongly urged in the interests of all concerned. The responsibility of starting a new scientific review is great, and should not be lightly assumed. If the field in question is not yet exploited, or if there is good reason to believe both that an additional review in some department is needed, and that it can be edited without resort to padding, then the time has certainly come for its establishment. But the motive should be closely examined to make sure that it is scientific, and not the result of the self-advertising propensity. The work of political and economic science has so widened of late years that three American reviews have already come into being, and justified their claim of the right to exist, while a fourth is promised for

And,

early appearance. But there are as yet few departments of investigation which require such a plurality of American organs, and caution is far better than precipitancy in entering upon a field already occupied. The advantages of gathering the results of research into a few foci are great, and they are accompanied by the other advantages that result from a process of careful editorial selection and arrangement. For all but the institutions of largest resources, some sort of cooperation in their work of publication is extremely desirable, and would be attended by very slight practical difficulties.

PROBLEMS OF UNIVERSITY
EXTENSION.

The new movement which is planned to carry higher education to the masses has been called "The University on Wheels." Since the mountain will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet must needs go to the mountain. University Extension is an attempt to extend to a certain portion of society who desire a higher culture, but are lacking in means or opportunity to obtain it, some of the advantages of college education. It discards an earlier theory, which considered such education as suitable only for a select portion of mankind, and, finding the normal results of college education in increased facility in the use of one's self as distinctively a human and a social being, it proposes to give to as many as possible what has hitherto been the possession of a favored few. Taking this position, its promoters have no sympathy with the eighteenth century maxim that "A little learning is a dangerous thing "; rather, their motto is, "Half a loaf is better than no bread."

That culture and refinement of mind, and ideas and principles of conduct, are good possessions for the many, must be maintained by anyone who believes in progress. That the higher education, by introducing the mind to a knowledge of literature and history, of science and philosophy, the world of mind and the world of matter,-lifts one, even if by a small degree, out of a narrow and ignorant egoism into a somewhat better comprehension of his situation, and of his opportunity in life and in society, is undeniable. If the employee classes of our great cities — many of whom, under our system of public school education, have made a fair beginning can in some way be enabled to go beyond the three R's," and make some acquirement in the humanistic sciences which tend to make better citizens as well as broader men, our educated classes should give time and energy and money toward the accomplishment of that end. The promoters of University Extension believe that this can be done; and they ask all friends of the people to assist in making the higher education no longer an aristocratic privilege of the leisured classes. They have succeeded in enlisting the active sympathy of

66

both the great English Universities, and of nearly every collegiate institution in the northern United States. The attempt has been approved by the educators of two countries. There is no longer any debate as to its desirability: question seems to arise solely as to its practicability.

The University Extension plan involves the formation of local centres of instruction in town and city, and the deputation of instructors from adjacent colleges to give courses of lectures, followed by "quiz" classes and question papers for those who are in real earnest. This work is done in the evenings. In this way it is sought to bring to those who are employed in business all day a culture-study which shall refine and humanize, and shall cherish the ideal in lives by necessity much materialized. That there is a demand for something of this sort, the formation of so many centres in this country and in England amply proves. The commodity has been advertised, and there is a rush to obtain it.

But it does not follow necessarily from these premises that the seekers after education will be benefitted by this new movement. Bacon says that "Studies serve for Delight, for Ornament, and for Ability." Unless the Extension work shall produce for its clients something more than Bacon's first category, and possibly a little of the second, it will answer no good purpose. It should do more than amuse audiences and advertise lecturers. It should educate the people to whom it extends its interest. "In at one ear and out at the other" is the proverbial fate of the "popular" lecture. If the Extension movement can do no more than that, it has no vocation. College professors ought to be too busy to be called upon merely to amuse the popular caprice. If the lecture system already overworked in many of our colleges, and the bane of our theological seminaries is to become the chief timber in this new educational structure, it would be better not to build. No one gets an education without doing the hard work himself; it cannot be had through a pleasant titillation of the auditory We look to hear a good deal less about the lecturer and much more about the instructor, before we shall be sanguine in regard to this movement. Quiz classes, personal supervision of the work and of the collateral reading, personal contact of teacher and pupils, are the methods found necessary in colleges whence educated men issue forth; and it is not likely that anything less thorough will carry the higher education to the masses. Experience has proved this to be the only royal road to learning. But if this method is to be adopted, whence is the supply of instruction to come? Our American colleges are business institutions, and the professor gives a quid pro quo for his salary. What attention he devotes to Extension work must be squeezed out of his scanty leisure. A course of six weekly lectures is a comparatively easy thing; but quizzes and question papers, and examination papers,surely he is duplicating his already full collegiate

nerve.

routine. Yet this work must be done, if done at all, by the college professor. The amateur will not answer, if this Extension experiment is not to degenerate into mere play. The University ExtenThe University Extension professional in any large quantity is no better, if the work is to catch the spirit of the large work of education done in our colleges. A few men at every college centre who can give their whole time to the management of Extension work will be an important factor for success, but the pace must be set and kept going for University Extension instruction by University faculties. And the Universities must give their best, for Extension audiences are mature and critical, and want their money's worth, far beyond the demands of college students. Already, in and about Chicago, local centres are finding that much learning and a doctor's degree from Leipzig or Berlin do not make an instructor, or prevent an audience from running away from the University, even though on wheels; that, in addition, a lecturer must also be a trained and tried teacher, magnetic in personality and sympathetic with human nature, which he has studied as well as books.

Yet, under the present circumstances, while the University professor is the needed man, there is not enough of him. The consequence is that the work so far as done may be said to be sporadic,― it lacks in continuity and in solidity. What is called the "circuit" system, by which one lecturer is "boarded 'round" by a group of associated towns, hardly meets the difficulty. It is partially met only by the confederation system, which joins a number of colleges in a coöperative work. Such a union is that which now centres in Chicago, and includes, besides the three Chicago institutions with their literary departments at Hyde Park, Evanston, and Lake Forest one other Illinois college, two in Wisconsin, and three in Indiana. This association makes use of the associated faculties of nine colleges in answer to calls from local centres, and thus equalizes the supply to the demand, as far as the former goes. But the town of Reading in England has apparently solved the problem how to get the maximum of instruction with the minimum of expenditure. Christ's college, Oxford, has adopted the Reading Extension organization, and has pledged itself to the support of an experienced Extension worker, who shall give his full energy to Reading. As a complementary act the Government Science School of Reading has entered into association with the local Extension centre. Thus Reading will have a local" Extension College," with a local staff of instructors and an Oxford expert as director. If a similar arrangement could be made by any of our centrally located colleges, by which around it as a centre might be gathered a group of local schools - commercial colleges, or mechanics' institutes, or night schools, or some of the multitude of so-called colleges or universities dotted over our West-the saving of energy would be very great. Extension work might then be done in large part in

the class-room, under the direction of the local staff and under the supervision of the central faculty. Such a union of colleges as that now centring in Chicago might thus enlist hundreds of local centres of teachers to meet the demand made by local centres of students. This plan, if adopted, would but lead on to the introduction generally of the method just inaugurated by the University of Chicago, which has organized an Extension faculty as an adjunct of the University faculty. But we doubt. the wisdom of a rigid separation between the "regulars" and the Extension men in any collegiate faculty. If every regular professor contributed to the Extension work, the demand on any one would be small, and the standard of attainment would be by so much the higher. All this calls for money; but it is an educational postulate that education never pays its way. The Universities must bear the larger portion of the expense of Extension work, in any event, if it is to "go," and it must be endowed if it is to be worth having. If this movement once reaches a truly educational basis, it will be full as easy to draw to it as to the more technical work of the collegiate curriculum the financial assistance of our business men, who are always best pleased by any philanthropic venture which concerns the masses as well as the classes.

COMMUNICATIONS.

A CURIOUS PIECE OF LITERARY HISTORY. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.)

Some interesting questions are suggested by the recent curious literary discovery announced in a late number of "The Academy," of London, by the Rev. A. L. Mayhew. He shows that the common translations of "Gil Blas," which are published as Smollett's, are spurious, and not Smollett's at all. The three chief modern editions of the book are George Routledge's, no date, bearing on its title-page the statement, "Translated from the French of Le Sage by Tobias Smollett"; Nimmo and Bain's, 1881, in three volumes, the translation identical with Routledge's, but "preceded by a biographical and critical notice of Le Sage, by George Saintsbury"; and the Bohn's Illustrated Library edition. All these modern editions of “Gil Blas,” bearing the imprint of three most respectable publishers, with the name of Smollet on their titlepages, give to readers, not Smollett's version of Le Sage's book, but a wholly distinct and inferior one. "These editions," Mr. Mayhew says, "have no right whatever to the name of Smollett, as may be clearly seen by comparing any passage taken from the authentic translation by Smollett with its equivalent as it appears in the pseudo-Smollett editions." Mr. Mayhew prints in juxtaposition passages from the two versions, much to the injury of the common one, which shows itself very vulgar by comparison.

Who, then, was the pseudo-Smollett of the publishers? Mr. Mayhew has followed on his track in the British Museum, and makes him out to be " Benjamin Heath Malkin, esq., M.A., F.S.A." That is his style, as given on the title-page of the new edition of "Gil Blas," printed for Longman and other booksellers in