I has three tonics-two borrowed, pure; one 96 NO. to the above. EXAMPLES. 1(-) all-war-call-pall. 2 3 4 arm-father-rather-card. at-ask-cat-apple-lap. ale-cane-ace. 5(-) care-lair-mare-dare. 5 -)ere-there-ne'er. 5 Send-bet-mess-ever. 6 fiend-field-wield. mixed or diphth.(ui) diph. 9.6. I-sigh―mine-lie. has two tonics, both diph. 6.8. Ü—union-tune—duke. borrowed-one pure, diph. 9.6.Ÿ-by-my--dye. one diphth. (9.6). W has one tonic sound, borrowed. 8(-) now-cow-bow. NOTES ON THE MIXED OR DIPHTHONGAL TONIUS. I-The diphthongal sound of i has been by some writers re 6 1 6 16 1 6 solved into the tonic sounds of a and e; a being given as the radical or opening, and e as the vanish or close of the sound. But this combination (a e) would produce the diphthongal sound oi, as in voice; which is, in fact, a provincial pronunciation of the diphthongal sound of ï (in such words as find, mind, &c.) prevalent among the vulgar in some of the northern counties in England, where we may hear foind for find, koind for kind, &c. The true radical of ï is u, as in us, and its vanish Р as in eve. This will be manifest by articulating these two sounds, separately and slowly at first, and gradually blending them by a closer and more rapid utterance, till the two tonics run together, and are lost in each other, thus: 9 6 Ů.--The diphthongal sound of u, as in ünion, tüne, has for its radical, e, and for its vanish, o; that is, is produced by the blending of the e, in eve, with the o, in do, thus: Y.-The diphthongal sound of ÿ, as in by, try, is resolvable into the same elements as that of ï, as above given. 1 8 W.-The character of the sound of this sign, as in the above examples, is clearly diphthongal, though its elements are difficult to trace with exactitude; perhaps its radical is a, its vanish o. This sign is also frequently mute in its diphthongal figure, as in awe: here are three vowel signs with one elementary sound, viz. 7 the tonic sound heard in all. Again, in low, the w is mute, and 7 18 also in bow (arcus), though heard in the verb to bow. We shall see hereafter the sub-tonic character of W and Y. AI.—This diphthong is composed of a and i, as in pain, ail, which are distinguishable to a fine ear from the pure tonic in ale, pane, &c.; but the distinction is really very slight-still it exists. 4 4 16 OI-as in boy, voice, is ai. 218 OU—as in our, out, &c., is of a complex nature, and appears to be triph-thongal. It seems to my car to be compounded of aou; but I am not quite clear as to its elements. For reference to the eye, I shall distinguish it thus, ou, (to denote its triphthongal character,) in the following 3 3 5 And that there is all natüre cries aloud through all her works. 6 4 All pale with pain he fainted in the place. 5 3 Ånd Eve in Éden ever happy there. If infidelity first victims find. 8 Oh holy hope, to live beyond the tomb. 9 The wonder and the worship of the world. .. 8 1 .. 8 8 Now law shall bow before the power of arms. Our wounds cry out for help. And burning blushes spread o'er all her cheek. Let the pupil now go through the Table of Tonic Sounds, giving to every element its perfect sound, in a full, loud tone of voice, but without strain or painful effort. This, more than any practice, will tend to strengthen and bring out his voice (see "VOCAL GYMNASTICS"); and next, let him go carefully through the Exercise on the Tonics, until he shall read them with perfect purity of tonic sound. The careful doing of this at the outset, will save the pupil much after-trouble in the matter of articulation. We now pass to the SUB TONICS (15)-ATONICS (10.) Lingua-dental (teeth closed) D-ash. T-ask. Lingua-palatine (vibrat'g) R-ome. R-ide. Lingua-palatine Nasal-labial L-ull. L-ily. M-um. M-ind. Nasal-lingua-palatine N-u-n. N-o-w. Nasal-palatine E-ng-land. Thi-ng. OBSERVATIONS. It will be observed that the A-tonics have each their appropriate Sub-tonics, to which they belong, and of which they are the vanish, or last fading sound: thus B, when sounded, after its tone or vocality ceases, fades into P; D into T; G (hard) into K, &c.; as may be perceived by sounding the syllables Bab, Did, Gig, &c. 9 and 10.-Y and W, when initials, lose their full tonic character, which they have when final; and become sub-tonic aspirates in their connection with a succeeding tonic. as in ye, |