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when obedience is not compelled, there is

no government.

Ditto, p. 77.

SELF-GOVERNMENT.

No man, whofe appetites are his masters, can perform the duties of his nature with ftrictnefs and regularity. He that would be fuperior to external influences, must first become fuperior to his own paffions.

Idler, v. 1, p. 293.

UNIVERSAL GOOD.

All skill ought to be exerted for univerfal good. Every man has owed much to others, and ought to pay the kindness that he has received.

P. of Abyffinia, p. 41.

H.

HAPPINESS.

We are long before we are convinced that happiness is never to be found; and each believes it poffeffed by others, to keep alive the hope of obtaining it for himself.

Ditto, p. 108.

Whether perfect happiness can be procured by perfect goodness, this world will never afford an opportunity of deciding. But this,

at

think the blow violent, only because we have made ourselves delicate and tender; we are, on every fide, in danger of error and guilt, which we are certain to avoid only by speedy forgiveness.

Rambler, v. 4, P. 137.

FRUGALITY.

Frugality may be termed the daughter of prudence, the fifter of temperance, and the parent of liberty. He that is extravagant, will quickly become poor, and poverty will enforce dependence, and invite corruption. It will almost always produce a paffive compliance with the wickedness of others, and there are few who do not learn by degrees to practise thofe crimes which they ceafe to cenfure.

Ditto, v. 2, p. 21.

Without frugality none can be rich, and with it, very few would be poor.

Ditto, ditto, ditto.

Though in every age there are fome who, by bold adventures, or by favourable accidents, rife fuddenly into riches; the bulk of mankind muft owe their affluence to finall and gradual profits, below which their expence must be refolutely reduced.

Ditto, ditto, p. 23.

The

The mercantile wifdom of " a penny faved is two-pence got," may be accomodated to all conditions, by obferving, that not only they who purfue any lucrative employ ment will fave time when they forbear expence, and that time may be employed to the increase of profit; but that they, who are above fuch minute confiderations, will find by every victory over appetite or paffion, new strength added to the mind, will gain the power of refusing those folicitations by which the young and vivacious are hourly affaulted, and, in time, fet themselves above the reach of extravagance and folly.

Ditto, ditto, p. 24.

It may, perhaps, be enquired, by those who are willing rather to cavil than to learn, what is the just measure of frugality? To fuch no general anfwer can be given, fince the liberty of spending, or neceffity of parfimony, may be varied without end by different circumftances. These three rules, however, may be laid down as not to be departed from :

"A man's voluntary expences fhould not exceed his income."

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at least, may be maintained, that we do not always find visible happiness in proportion to vifible virtue.

Ditto, p. 163.

All natural, and almost all political evils, are incident alike to the bad, or good. They are confounded in the mifery of a famine, and not much distinguished in the fury of a faction. They fink together in a tempeft, and are driven together from their country by invaders. All that virtue can afford is quietness of confcience, a fteady profpect of a happier ftate, which will enable us to endure every calamity with patience.

Ditto, ditto.

He that has no one to love, or to confide in, has little to hope. He wants the radical principle of happiness.

Ditto, p. 210.

It is, perhaps, a juft obfervation, that with regard to outward circumftances, happiness and mifery are equally diffufed through all ftates of human life. In civilized countries, where regular policies have fecured the neceffaries of life, ambition, avarice, and luxfind the mind at leifure for their reception, and foon engage it in new pursuits; pursuits that are to be carried only by inceffant labour, and whether vain, or fuccessful,

ury

pro

produce anxiety and contention. Among favage nations imaginary wants find, indeed, no place; but their ftrength exhausted by neceffary toils, and their paffions agitated, not by contests about fuperiority, affluence, or precedence, but by perpetual care for the prefent day, and by fear of perishing for want of common food.

Life of Drake, p. 211.

Whatever be the cause of happiness, may be made likewife the caufe of mifery. The medicine which, rightly applied, has power to cure, has, when rafhnefs or ignorance prefcribes it, the fame power to destroy.

Differtation on Authors, p. 21.

The happiness of the generality of people is nothing if it is not known, and very little if it is not envied.

Idler, v. 2, p. 155.

It has been obferved in all ages, that the advantages of nature, or of fortune, have contributed very little to the promotion of happiness; and that those whom the fplendour of their rank, or the extent of their capacity, have placed upon the fummits of human life, have not often given any just occafon to envy in those who look up to them from a lower ftation. Whether it be, that apparent fuperiority incites great defigns,

and

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