he entered the territory of the Sotiates, the first of the Aquitanian peoples whom he attacked. The Sotiates were the neighbours of the Elusates a name represented by the town of Eause. A line drawn from Auch (Ausci) on the Gers to Bazas in the department of La Gironde, passes near Sos, a town which is on the Getise, and in the Gabaret. In the middle ages it was called Sotium. Ancient remains have been found at Sos. Here we have an instance of the preservation of ancient names in this part of France, and there are many other instances. D'Anville in determining the position of the Sotiates argues correctly that Crassus having passed through the Santones, a people who had submitted to Caesar (B. G. iii. 12) and would offer no resistance, entered Aquitania by the north, and the Sotiates who were only seven or eight leagues south of the Garonne would be the first tribe on whom he fell. He says that he has evidence of a Roman road very direct from Sos to Eause; and he is convinced that this is part of the road described in the Jerusalem Itin. between Vasatae and Elusa. On this road the name Scittium occurs in the Itin., and as the distance between Scittium and Elusa corresponds very nearly to the distance between Sos and Eause, he conjectures that this word Scittium is written wrong, and that it should be Sotium.

mountains. (Hierocl. p. 672; Evagr. Hist. Eccles.
iii. 33.) It is possibly the same place which Ste-
phanus B. notices under the name of Sozusa. Nicetas
(Ann. p. 9) mentions that it was taken by the
Turks, but recovered from them by John Comnenus.
(Comp. Ann. p. 169; Cinnamus, p. 13.) The
traveller Paul Lucas (Sec. Voy. vol. i. c. 33) ob-
served some ancient remains at a place now called
Souzou, south of Aglasoun, which probably belong
to Sozopolis.
[L. S.]
SOZO'POLIS, a later name of Apollonia in Thrace.
[Vol. I. p. 160.]
[J. R.]

SPALATHRA (Plin. iv. 9. s. 16; Σmáλav@pa, Scylax, p. 25; Exaλé0pm, Steph. B. s. v.; Σñáλa@pov, Hellanic. ap. Steph. B. s.v.: Eth. Exαλa@paîos), a town of Magnesia, in Thessaly, upon the Pagasaean gulf. It is conjectured that this town is meant by Lycophron (899), who describes Prothous, the leader of the Magnetes in the Iliad, as 8 è Пaλaúbрwv (Σñaλaú@pwv). (See Müller, ad Scyl. l. c.)

SPALATUM. [SALONA.]

SPANETA, a town in Lower Pannonia, of unknown site. (It. Ant. p. 268; It. Hieros. p. 563; Geog. Rav. iv. 19, who writes Spaneatis. [L. S.]

SPARATA, a place in Moesia Superior, probably on the river Isker. (Itin. Hieros. p. 567.) By the Geogr. Rav. it is called Sparthon (iv. 7). [T. H. D.]

The Sotiates, who were strong in cavalry, attacked the Romans on their march, and a battle took place SPARTA (Σπάρτη, Dor. Σπάρτα : Εth. Σπαρ in which they were defeated. Crassus then assaulted TiάTns, Spartiates, Spartanus), the capital of Latheir town, which made a stout resistance. He conia, and the chief city of Peloponnesus. It was brought up his vineae and towers to the walls, but also called LACEDAEMON (Aakedaiμwv: Eth. Nathe Sotiates drove mines under them, for as they Kedaiμóvios, Lacedaemonius), which was the orihad copper mines in their country they were very ginal name of the country. [See Vol. II. p. 103, a.] skilful in burrowing in the ground. At last they Sparta stood at the upper end of the middle vale of sent to Crassus to propose terms of surrender (B. G. the Eurotas, and upon the right bank of the river. iii. 21). While the people were giving up their arms The position of this valley, shut in by the mountain on one side of the town, Adcantuannus, who was a ranges of Taygetus and Parnon, its inaccessibility to king or chief, attempted to sally out on another side invaders, and its extraordinary beauty and great with his 600" soldurii." The Romans met him fertility, have been described in a previous article there, and after a hard fight Adcantuannus was [LACONIA]. The city was built upon a range of driven back into the town; but he still obtained the low hills and upon an adjoining plain stretching SE. same easy terms as the rest. to the river. These hills are offshoots of Mt. Taygetus, and rise almost immediately above the river. Ten stadia S. of the point where the Oenus flows into the Eurotas, the latter river is divided into two arms by a small island overgrown with the oleander, where the foundations of an ancient bridge are visible. This is the most important point in the topography of the site of Sparta. Opposite to this bridge the range of hills rises upon which the ancient city stood; while a hollow way (Map,ƒƒ.) leads through them into the plain to Magúla, a village situated about half-way between Mistrá and the island of the Eurotas. Upon emerging from this hollow into the plain, there rises on the left hand a hill, the south-western side of which is occupied by the theatre (Map, A.). The centre of the building was excavated out of the hill; but the two wings of the cavea were entirely artificial, being built of enormous masses of quadrangular stones. A great part of this masonry still remains; but the seats have almost entirely disappeared, because they have for many ages been used as a quarry by the inhabitants of Mistrá. The extremities of the two wings are about 430 feet from one another, and the diameter or length of the orchestra is about 170 feet; so that this theatre was probably the largest in Greece, with the exception of those of Athens and Megalopolis. There are traces of a wall around this hill, which also embraces a considerable part of the adjoining plain to the east. Within the

These Soldurii were a body of men who attached themselves to a chief with whom they enjoyed all the good things without working, so long as the chief lived; but if any violence took off their leader it was their duty to share the same fate or to die by their own hand. This was an Iberian and also a Gallic fashion. The thing is easily understood. A usurper or any desperate fellow 'seized on power with the help of others like himself; lived well, and fed his friends; and when his tyranny came to an end, he and all his crew must kill themselves, if they wished to escape the punishment which they deserved. (Plut. Sertor. c. 14; Caesar, B. G. vii. 40 and the passage in Athenaeus.)

:

The MSS. of Caesar vary in the name of Adcantuannus. Schneider writes it Adiatunus, and in Athenaeus it is 'Adiáтoμov. Schneider mentions a medal of Pellerin, with REX AALET VONVΣ and a lion's head on one side, and on the other SOTIOGA. Walckenaer (Géogr. fc. i. 284) may be speaking of the same medal, when he describes one which is said to have been found at Toulouse, with a head of Adictanus on one side and the word Sotiagae on the other. He thinks it "very suspected;" and it may be.

[G. L.]

SOZO'POLIS (ZwCómoλis), a town noticed only by late writers as a place in Pisidia, on the north of Termessus, in a plain surrounded on all sides by

great magnificence, and the spoils of the Persian | of Mistra, which long continued to be the chief place wars were employed in the erection of a beautiful in the valley of the Eurotas. The site of Sparta stoa in the Agora, with figures of Persians in white was occupied only by the small villages of Magúla marble upon the columns, among which Pausanias and Psychikó, till the present Greek government readmired the statues of Mardonius and Artemisia solved to remove the capital of the district to its (iii. 11. § 3). After the Persian wars Athens be- ancient seat. The position of New Sparta upon the came more and more the centre of Greek art; but southern part of the ancient site has been already Sparta continued to possess, even in the time of described. Pausanias, a larger number of monuments than most other Grecian.cities.

It has been observed that Sparta resembled Rome in its site, comprehending a number of contiguous hills of little height or boldness of character. (Mure, Tour in Greece, vol. ii. p. 236.) It also resembled Rome in being formed out of several earlier settlements, which existed before the Dorian conquest, and gradually coalesced with the later city, which was founded in their midst. These earlier places, which are the hamlets or κŵμai mentioned by Thucydides (i. 10), were four in number, Pitane, Limnae or Limnaeum, Mesoa, and Cynosura, which were united by a common sacrifice to Artemis. (Paus. iii. 16. § 9.) They are frequently called puλaí, or tribes, by the grammarians (Müller, Dorians, iii. 3. § 7), and were regarded as divisions of the Spartans; but it is clear from ancient writers that they are names of places. We are best informed about Pitane, which is called a wóλis by Euripides (Troad. 1112), and which is also mentioned as a place by Pindar (#pds Πιτάναν δὲ παρ' Ευρώτα πόρον, Οl. vi. 46). Herodotus, who had been there, calls it a dîμos (iii. 55). He also mentions a λóxos Пitaváτns (ix. 53); and though Thucydides (i. 20) denies its existence, Caracalla, in imitation of antiquity, composed a λóxos Пiтaváтns of Spartans. (Herodian. iv. 8.) It appears from the passage of Pindar quoted above, that Pitane was at the ford of the Eurotas, and consequently in the northern part of the city. It was the favourite and fashionable place of residence at Sparta, like Collytus at Athens and Craneion at Corinth. (Plut. de Exsil. 6. p. 601.) We are also told that Pitane was near the temple and stronghold of Issorium, of which we shall speak presently. (Polyaen. ii. 1. § 14; Plut. Ages. 32.) Limnae was situated upon the Eurotas, having derived its name from the marshy ground which once existed there (Strab. viii. p. 363); and as the Dromus occupied a great part of the lower level towards the

Sparta continued unfortified during the whole period of autonomous Grecian history; and it was first surrounded with walls in the Macedonian period. We learn from Polybius (ix. 21) that its walls were 48 stadia in circumference, and that it was inuch larger than Megalopolis, which was 50 stadia in circuit. Its superiority to Megalopolis in size must have been owing to its form, which was circular. (Polyb. v. 22.) Leake remarks that, "as the side towards the Eurotas measured about two miles with the windings of the outline, the computation of Polybius sufficiently agrees with actual appearances, though the form of the city seems rather to have been semicircular than circular." (Morea, vol i. p. 180.) Its limits to the eastward, at the time of the invasion of Philip (B. C. 218), are defined by Polybius, who says (v. 22) that there was a distance of a stadium and a half between the foot of the cliffs | of Mt. Menelaium and the nearest part of the city. Livy also describes the Eurotas as flowing close to the walls (xxxiv. 28, xxxv. 29). When Demetrius Poliorcetes made an attempt upon Sparta in B. C. 296, some temporary fortifications were thrown up; | and the same was done when Pyrrhus attacked the city in B. C. 272. (Paus. i. 13. § 6, vii. 8. § 5.) But Sparta was first regularly fortified by a wall and ditch by the tyrant Nabis in B. c. 195 (Liv. xxxiv. 27; Paus. vii. 8. § 5); though even this wall did not surround the whole city, but only the level parts, which were more exposed to an enemy's attack. (Liv. xxxiv. 38.) Livy, in his account of the attack of Sparta by Philopoemen in B. C. 192, alludes to two of the gates, one leading to Pharae, and the other to Mount Barbosthenes. (Liv. XXXV. 30.) After the capture of the city by Philopoemen, the walls were destroyed by the Achaean League (Paus. vii. 8. § 5); but they were shortly after-southern extremity, it is probable that Limnae occuwards restored by order of the Romans, when the latter took the Spartans under their protection in opposition to the Achaeans. (Paus. vii. 9. § 5.) Its walls and gates were still standing when Pausanias visited Sparta in the second century of the Christian era, but not a trace of them now remains. When Alaric took Sparta in A. D. 396, it was no longer fortified, nor protected by arms or men (Zosim. v. 6); but it continued to be inhabited in the thirteenth century, as we learn from the "Chronicle of the Morea." It was then always called Lacedaemon, and was confined to the heights around the theatre. The walls which surrounded it at that time may still be traced, and have been mentioned above. It is to the medieval Lacedaemon that the ruins of the churches belong, of which no less than six are noticed by the French Commission. After the conquest of Peloponnesus by the Franks in the thirteenth century, William de Villehardouin built a strong fortress upon the hill of Misithrá usually pronounced Mistrá, a little more than two miles west of Sparta, at the foot of Mt. Taygetus. The inhabitants of the medieval Lacedaemon soon abandoned their town and took refuge within the fortress

pied the northern. (Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 177.) It is probable that Mesoa was in the SE. part of the city [see below, p. 1028, b.], and Cynosura in the SW.

In the midst of these separate quarters stood the Acropolis and the Agora, where the Dorian invaders first planted themselves. Pausanias remarks that the Lacedaemonians had no acropolis, towering above other parts of the city, like the Cadmeia at Thebes and Larissa at Argos, but that they gave this name to the loftiest eminence of the group (iii. 17. §2). This is rather a doubtful description, as the great hill, upon which the theatre stands, and the hill at the northern extremity of the site, present nearly the same elevation to the eye. Leake places the Acropolis upon the northern hill, which, he observes, was

* Some modern writers mention a fifth tribe, the. Aegeidae, because Herodotus (iv. 149) speaks of the Aegeidae as a great tribe (puλń) in Sparta; but the word puλn seems to be here used in the more general sense of family, and there is no evidence that the word Aegeidae was the name of a place, like the other four mentioned above.

better adapted for a citadel than any other, as being separated from the rest, and at one angle of the site; but Curtius supposes it to have stood upon the hill of the theatre, as being the only one with a sufficiently large surface on the summit to contain the numerous buildings which stood upon the Acropolis. The latter opinion appears the more probable; and the larger hill, cleared from its surrounding rubbish, surrounded with a wall, and crowned with buildings, would have presented a much more striking appearance than it does at present.

representing the people of Sparta, and a temple of the Moerae or Fates, near which was the tomb of Orestes, whose bones had been brought from Tegea to Sparta in accordance with the well-known tale in Herodotus. Near the tomb of Orestes was the statue of king Polydorus, whose effigy was used as the seal of the state. Here, also, was a Hermes Agoraeus bearing Dionysus as a child, and the old Ephoreia, where the Ephors originally administered justice, in which were the tombs of Epimenides the Cretan and of Aphareus the Aeolian king. (Paus. iii. 11. §§ 2-11.)

The Agora was near the Acropolis. Lycurgus, it is said, when attacked by his opponents, fled for refuge from the Agora to the Acropolis; but was overtaken by a fiery youth, who struck out one of his eyes. At the spot where he was wounded, Lycurgus founded a temple of Optiletis* or Ophthalmitis, which must have stood immediately above the Agora. Plutarch says that it lay within the temenos of the Brazen House; and Pausanias mentions it, in descending from the Acropolis, on the way to the so-called Alpium, beyond which was a temple of Ammon, and probably also a temple of Artemis Cnagia. (Plut. Lyc. 11; Apophth. Lac. p. 227, b.; Paus. iii. 18. § 2.) The Agora may be placed in the great hollow east of the Acropolis (Map, 2). Its position is most clearly marked by Pausanias, who, going westwards from the Agora, arrived immediately at the theatre, after passing only the tomb of Brasidas (iii. 14. § 1). The site of the theatre, which he describes as a magnificent building of white marble, has been already described.

The chief building on the Acropolis was the temple of Athena Chalcioecus, the tutelary goddess of the city. It was said to have been begun by Tyndareus, but was long afterwards completed by Gitiadas, who was celebrated as an architect, statuary, and poet. He caused the whole building to be covered with plates of bronze or brass, whence the temple was called the Brazen House, and the goddess received the surname of Chalcioecus. On the bronze plates there were represented in relief the labours of Hercules, the exploits of the Dioscuri, Hephaestus releasing his mother from her chains, the Nymphs arming Per-eus for his expedition against Medusa, the birth of Athena, and Amphitrite and Poseidon. Gitiadas also made a brazen statue of the goddess. (Paus. iii. 17. §§ 2, 3.) The Brazen House stood in a sacred enclosure of considerable extent, surrounded by a stoa or colonnade, and containing several sanctuaries. There was a separate temple of Athena Ergane. Near the southern stoa was a temple of Zeus Cosmetas, and before it the tomb of Tyndareus; the western stoa contained two eagles, bearing two victories, de- The principal street, leading out of the Agora, was dicated by Lysander in commemoration of his vic- named Aphetais ('Aperats), the Corso of Sparta tories over the Athenians. To the left of the (Map, dd). It ran towards the southern wall, through Brazen House was a temple of the Muses; behind it the most level part of the city, and was bordered by a temple of Ares Areia, with very ancient wooden a succession of remarkable monuments. First came statues; and to its right a very ancient statue of Zeus the house of king Polydorus, named Booneta (BowHypatus, by Learchus of Rhegium, parts of which vnтa), because the state purchased it from his were fastened together with nails. Here also was widow for some oxen. Next came the office of the the onhvwua, a booth or tent, which Curtius con- Bidiaei, who originally had the inspection of the jectures to have been the οἴκημα οὐ μέγα, ὃ ἦν τοῦ race-course; and opposite was the temple of Athena iepoù (Thuc. i. 134), where Pausanias took refuge Celeutheia, with a statue of the goddess dedicated as a suppliant. Near the altar of the Brazen by Ulysses, who erected three statues of Celeutheia House stood two statues of Pausanias, and also in different places. Lower down the Aphetais ocstatues of Aphrodite Ambologēra (delaying old age), curred the heroa of Iops, Amphiaraus, and Lelex,— and of the brothers Sleep and Death. The statues the sanctuary of Poseidon Taenarius,—a statue of of Pausanias were set up by order of the Delphian Athena, dedicated by the Tarentini,the place Apollo to expiate his being starved to death within called Hellenium, so called because the Greeks the sacred precincts. (Paus. iii. 17. § 2-18. § 1.) are said to have held counsel there either before the The Agora was a spacious place, surrounded, like Persian or the Trojan wars,-the tomb of Talthyother Greek market-places, with colonnades, from bius, an altar of Apollo Acreitas,—a place sacred which the streets issued to the different quarters of to the earth named Gaseptum,—a statue of Apollo the city. Here were the public buildings of the Maleates, and close to the city walls the temple of magistrates, the council-house of the Gerusia and Dictynna, and the royal sepulchres of the Euryponsenate, and the offices of the Ephori, Nomophylaces, tidae. Pausanias then returns to the Hellenium, and Bidiaei. The most splendid building was the Per- probably to the other side of the Aphetais, where he sian stoa, which had been frequently repaired and mentions a sanctuary of Arsinoe, the sister of the enlarged, and was still perfect when Pausanias wives of Castor and Pollux; then a temple of visited the city. The Agora contained statues of Artemis near the so-called Phruria (Þpoúpia), which Julius Caesar and Augustus: in the latter was a were perhaps the temporary fortifications thrown up brazen statue of the prophet Agias. There was a before the completion of the city walls; next the place called Chorus, marked off from the rest of the tombs of the Iamidae, the Eleian prophets,- sancAgora, because the Spartan youths here danced in tuaries of Maro and Alpheius, who fell at Therhonour of Apollo at the festival of the Gymno- mopylae,-the temple of eus Tropaeus, built by the paedia. This place was adorned with statues of the Dorians after conquering the Achaean inhabitants of Pythian deities, Apollo, Artemis, and Leto; and Laconia, and especially the Amyclaei,-the temple near it were temples of Earth, of Zeus Agoraeus, of Athena Agoraea, of Apollo, of Poseidon Asphaleius, and of Hera. In the Agora was a colossal statue

* So called, because onтíλo was the Lacedaemonian form for optaλμol, Plut. Lyc. 11.

of the mother of the gods,—and the heroa of Hippo- | lytus and Aulon. The Aphetais upon quitting the city joined the great Hyacinthian road which led to the Amyclaeum. (Paus. iii. 12. §§ 1-9.)

The next most important street leading from the Agora ran in a south-easterly direction. It is usually called Scias, though Pausanias gives this name only to a building at the beginning of the street, erected by Theodorus of Samos, and which was used even in the time of Pausanias as a place for the assemblies of the people. Near the Scias was a round structure, said to have been built by Epimenides, containing statues of the Olympian Zeus and Aphrodite; next came the tombs of Cynortas, Castor, Idas, and Lynceus, and a temple of Core Soteira. The other buildings along this street or in this direction, if there was no street, were the temple of Apollo Carneius, who was worshipped here before the Dorian invasion,—a statue of Apollo Aphetaeus, a quadrangular place surrounded with colonnades, where small-wares (pros) were anciently sold, an altar sacred to Zeus, Athena, and the Dioscuri, all surnamed Ambulii. Opposite was the place called Colona and the temple of Dionysus Colonatas. Near the Colona was the temple of Zeus Euanemus. On a neighbouring hill was the temple of the Argive Hera, and the temple of Hera Hypercheiria, containing an ancient wooden statue of Aphrodite Hera. To the right of this hill was a statue of Hetoemocles, who had gained the victory in the Olympic games. (Paus. iii. 12. § 10-iii. 13.) Although Pausanias does not say that the Colona was a hill, yet there can be no doubt of the fact, as Koλúva is the Doric for кoλúvŋ, a hill. This height and the one upon which the temple of Hera stood are evidently the heights NW. of the village of Psychikó between the Eurotas and the plain to the S. of the theatre (Map, C.).

After describing the streets leading from the Agora to the S. and SE. Pausanias next mentions a third street, running westward from the Agora. It led past the theatre to the royal sepulchres of the Agiadae. In front of the theatre were the tombs of Pausanias and Leonidas (iii. 14. § 1).

nasia, one of which was dedicated by a certain' Eurycles. The Roman amphitheatre and the stadium, of which the remains have been already described, were included in the Dromus. In the Dromus was a statue of Hercules, near which, but outside the Dromus, was the house of Menelaus. The Dromus must have formed part of Pitane, as Menelaus is called a Pitanatan. (Hesych. s. v.) Proceeding from the Dromus occurred the temples of the Dioscuri, of the Graces, of Eileithyia, of Apollo Carneius, and of Artemis Hegemone; on the right of the Dromus was a statue of Asclepius Agnitas; at the beginning of the Dromus there were statues of the Dioscuri Aphetarii; and a little further the heroum of Alcon and the temple of Poseidon Domatites. (Paus. iii. 14. §§ 2-7.)

South of the Dromus was a broader level, which was called Platanistas, from the plane-trees with which it was thickly planted. It is described as a round island, formed by streams of running water, and was entered by two bridges, on each of which there was a statue of Hercules at one end and of Lycurgus at the other. Two divisions of the Spartan Ephebi were accustomed to cross these bridges and fight with one another in the Plataniston; and, though they had no arms, they frequently inflicted severe wounds upon one another. (Paus. iii. 15. § 8 seq.; Lucian, Anachars. 38; Cic. Tusc. Quaest. v 27.) The running streams surrounding the Plataniston were the canals of the Trypiótiko, which were fed by several springs in the neighbourhood, and flowed into the Eurotas. Outside the city was the district called Phoebaeum, where each division of the Ephebi sacrificed the night before the contest. The Phoe baeum occupied the narrow corner south of the Plataniston formed by the Trypiótiko and the Eurotas. Pausanias describes it as near Therapne, which was situated upon the Menelaium, or group of hills upon the other side of the Eurotas, mentioned below. The proximity of the Phoebaeum to Therapne is mentioned in another passage of Pausanias (iii. 19 § 20), and by Herodotus (vi. 61). The heroum of Cynisca, the first female who conquered in the chariotrace in the Olympic games, stood close to the Plataniston, which was bordered upon one side by a colonnade.

Behind this colonnade there were several heroic monuments, among which were those of Alcimus, Enaraephorus, of Dorceus, with the fountain Dorceia, and of Sebrus. Near the latter was the sepulchre of the poet Aleman; this was followed by the sanctuary of Helena and that of Hercules, with the monument of Oeonus, whose death he here avenged by slaying the sons of Hippocoon. The temple of Hercules was close to the city walls. (Paus. iii. 14. § 8-15. § 5.) Since the poet Aleman, whose tomb was in this district, is described as a citizen of Mesoa [Dict. of Biogr., art. ALCMAN], it is probable that this was the position of Mesoa, the name of which might indicate a tract lying between two rivers. (Comp. Μεσηνή —ὑπὸ δύο ποτάμων - μεσαζομένη, Steph. B. s. v. Meσohrn.)

From the theatre Pausanias probably went by the hollow way to the Eurotas, for he says that near the Sepulchres of the Agiadae was the Lesche of the Crotani, and that the Crotani were a portion of the Pitanatae. It would appear from a passage in Athenaeus (i. p. 31) that Pitane was in the neighbourhood of the Oenus; and its proximity to the Eurotas has been already shown. [See above, p. 1026, a.] It is not improbable, as Curtius observes, that Pitane lay partly within and partly without the city, like the Cerameicus at Athens. After proceeding to the tomb of Taenarus, and the sanctuaries of Poseidon Hippocurius and the Aeginetan Artemis, Pausanias returns to the Lesche, near which was the temple of Artemis Issoria, also called Limnaea. Issorium, which is known as a stronghold in the neighbourhood of Pitane (Polyaen. ii..1. § 14; Plut. Ages. 32), is supposed by Curtius to be the hill After reaching the SE. extremity of the city, to the north of the Acropolis (Map, C.). Leake, as we Pausanias returns to the Dromus. Here he mentions have already seen, regards this hill as the Acropolis two ways: the one to the right leading to a temple itself, and identifies the Issorium with the height of Athena Axiopoenus, and the other to the left to above the ruined amphitheatre or circus. Pau- another temple of Athena, founded by Theras, near sanias next mentions the temples of Thetis, of which was a temple of Hipposthenes, and an ancient Demeter Chthonia, of Sarapis, and of the Olympian wooden statue of Enyalius in fetters. He then deZeus. He then reached the Dromus, which was scribes, but without giving any indication of its poused in his day as a place for running. It extended sition, the painted Lesche, with its surrounding along the stream southwards, and contained gym-heroa of Cadmus, Oeolycus, Aegeus, and Amphilo