nine years; and I truft I have ever acted with fidelity to the crown, without oppreffing his Majefty's fubjects. The prerogative which had a right to confer it on me had the fame right to refume it at pleafure. And though I may differ from his Majefty's minifters in fome of their meafures, yet far be it from me to arraign their wifdom with refpect to myfelf. "I have, however, one fatisfaction my in my lofs, that along with ployment I have not loft your fea My fituation in life will make the mer fit very easy on me: but I t I fhall never meet with so fereti trial, as to be deprived of the apps bation of men fo much regarded, fo much refpected by, Gentlemen, "Your's, &c. " WILLIAM SHARMAN Moira-Caftle. "To the GENTLEMEN of the CONSTITUTION CLUB, "GENTLEMEN, "PERMIT me to return you my warm thanks, for the approbation you bestow on my public conduct; -of the value of fuch approbation I am extremely fenfible, when I confider the body from whence it comes-a fociety inftituted for the nobleft purpofe; the restoration and extenfion of civil liberty. Your good opinion, therefore, I fhall ever regard, as a ftrong evidence of the rectitude of my actions; and which, next to that of my constituents at large, I fhall ftudioufly cultivate. "The very fignal fervices already rendered by your efforts to the caufe of liberty, and freedom of election, must make every man, who has a wish for the prefervation of either, with that every county in the kingdom may have its Conftitution Club. The men mongers of Ireland would then find their trade effectually diminished; and the right of private judgement and choice reftored to the Proteftant clectors of Ireland: a fmall body, indeed, to return the legislators for the ifland at large; but fill more curtailed the ufurpations of the OligarchyHow long this kingdom is to g under their chains, and how long Proteftants themfelves are to under a more grievous favery, flavery of the mind, and the thr of bigotry, is known only to the preme Difpenfer of liberty and t But, I truit, through his influen are beginning to fee the inje our conduct, and the incontes our principles, with one hand gre at liberty for ourselves, and res with the other the fhackles of s countrymen. "Be perfuaded, Gentlemen, conduct in the House of Conn) has been the refult of conviction, a of the moft difinterefted motives; 5 having been follicited to reprefe virtuous community, I fhall never taminate my mind with the admi of any object diftinct from the pa good. I remain, Gentlemen, &t | "WILLIAM TODD JONEM Lifbarn. The following is an exact copy of a paper fent to every volunteer cop Ireland, and if the fentiments meet with approbation, to be figned by the co manding officer: . "THERE is no form of government which has the prerogative to be immutable. "No political authority, created yeflerday or a thoufand years ago, that may not be abrogated in ten years time or to-morrow. "No power, however refpectable, however facred, that is authorifed to regard the ftate as its property.. "All authority in this world begun either by the confent of fubjects, or by the power of the mate In both one and the other cafe it m juftly end. There is no prefeript: in favour of tyranny again liberty. "The truth of thefe principles c not be denied, and whoever thinks otherwife is a flave, by allowing his ancestors the right of ftipulating 1 1 1 1 C Σ when he existed not, and in arting to himself the right of ftiting for a progeny that, does not exit." Dublin, Sept. 28. Yefterday, at eleo'clock, the Tholfel was filled h freemen and freeholders, in extation of the Parliamentary Reform inefs being brought on, a requifiof upwards of one hundred and enty electors having been prefented the high fheriffs for this purpofe, en, lo! no fheriffs appeared; intidated, it is fuppofed, by the empty eats of an attorney-general, and the eting of courfe was not proceeded The friends of freedom, hower, are not to be intimidated.-As on as the new sheriffs are fworn into Ice, we are affured that a fimilar quifition will be prefented, and there Upon these principles we understand the proceedings of the Volunteer Delegates are to be founded. is fcarce a doubt of their compliance with the defires of their fellow-citizens. Should they, however, follow the example of their courtly predecef fors in office, and barter the rights of the people for a fmile, or an empty title, the electors are determined to follow the conftitutional example fet them by the counties of Antrim, Kilkenny, &c. and convene themfelves; conceiving, with juftice, that the fame mandate which prevented them from affembling (as cuftomary, time immemorial) may be extended to their meeting in any public place for either their amufement or business. ROSCOMMON MEETING. r a numerous and refpectable meeting of the free citizens and inhabitants of the town of Rofcommon, held at Rofcommon, on the 25th of September, 1784, purfuant to public notice, ounfellor CHRISTOPHER LYSTER in the chair, Refolved unanimously, That as the efent imperfect reprefentation of the ople in parliament is felt and comained of as a national grievance, we nceive a national affociation, to deperate upon the redrefs of the fame, perfectly warrantable and conftitu onal. Refolved unanimoufly, That we rerd the accufation of the high fhefs of the city of Dublin (and confeently of the majority of the high eriffs throughout the kingdom) by Majefty's Attorney-General of Iread, as a mcft defperate attempt to rawe the free fpirit of the people, to milinterpret the free principles the conftitution. Refolved unanimously, That we fonly recommend it to our fellowizens to confider of the expediency inftructing their reprefentatives to peach the prefent Attorney-General at the bar of the House of Lords, or of tranfmitting an addrefs to our most gracious Sovereign, praying his removal for ever from his Majefty's councils, or to purfue fuch other temperate and conftitutional means as may be beft calculated to redress an infulted people. Refolved unanimously, That the copy of a letter in the public papers, figned John Fitzgibbon, containing the above accufation, be committed to the flames by the hand of the common hangman. Refolved unanimoufly, That we agree with our fellow-citizens of Antrim in the expediency of holding the National Congrefs in fome place more central than Dublin, and that we take the liberty of recommending Athlone, both on account of its fituation, and the very liberal offer of its independent fovereign and inhabitants, as well entitled to the feat of Congress. Counsellor Lyfter having left the chair, and Colonel Thomas M'Dermott having been called thereto, Refolved, That the thanks of this meeting be given to Counfellor Lyfter, for his fpirited, able, and patriotic conduct in the chair. Refolved, That the thanks of this meeting meeting be given to Mr. Ignatius Pur- IGN. PURCELL, Sec. Dublin, Sept. 30. The plan for difarming the Volunteers does no fmall honour to the contriver.-The fyftem of manœuvre, we are well informed, is as follows:-To begin at a distance from the capital, where the volunteers are fewest in number, and lordly influence at the higheft. Several corps, of fimilar principles with the Carrickfergus Royals or Loyals, who are commanded by men that embraced the Volunteer caufe only with the intention of betraying it, have been already founded; as have alfo fome other corps, whofe leaders were bribed over, and are ready, at a moment's warning, to lay down their arms for the good of their country: when all the court flaves have prevailed on their dependants and wretched tenantry to lay down their arms, then a military fcale of the remaining national forces will be drawn; and fhould they fucceed to their wishes in thinning the Volunteer ranks, they will boldly pufh forward to complete the goodly work, by forcibly taking the arms from the remainder. By a letter from Cork we that a gentleman of eminence in city having been repeatedly treated by feveral officers of the lars, to whom he had given perm to fhoot in his demefne, gave o to his game-keeper not to admit s of them, without a written orderin him, to fport there. On Think laft three of them, on being refti admittance, made a grand attacks his gate, and broke it down; bat ́. the game-keeper and his man com and fhooting their dogs, at the time declaring, if they proceeded ther, he would shoot themselves, t thought proper to retire. On the: ↑ turn to the barracks a council of va was held, when they magnanin refolved to kill every dog in t which act of heroifm they were lutely performing, when they met by a corps of Volunteers, with true native courage, drove dogs of war to kennel. We are affured, that furveyors been ordered to inspect the ground at the rear of the merch quay, for the purpose of erecting racks for two regiments of hork: troops to occupy this part of the p rifon are to arrive as foon as a modations can be provided. BIOGRAPHY. Tor THE LIFE OF DR. FRANCIS CHEYNEL. T contending with illustrious adver- and had qualities, which, emplore. faries, that the combatant is equally immortalized by conqueft or defeat. He that dies by the fword of a hero will always be mentioned when the acts of his enemy are mentioned. The man, of whofe life the following account is offered to the public, was in a good caufe, would have given * th fuch illuftrious names, become e object of public curiofity. Francis Cheynel was born in 1608, Oxford, where his father, Dr. John heynel, who had been fellow of Cors-Chrifti college, practifed phyfic ith great reputation. He was eduted in one of the grammar fchools of is native city, and in the beginning the year 1623 became a member of e University. It is probable that he loft his father en he was very young; for it apars, that before 1629 his mother d married Dr. Abbot, Bishop of Sabury, whom he had likewife buried. om this marriage he received great vantage; for his mother being now ied to Dr. Brent, then warden of erton-college, exerted her intereft fo gorously, that he was admitted there probationer, and afterwards obtained fellowship". Having taken the degree of Mafter Arts, he was admitted to orders acrding to the rights of the Church of ngland, and held a curacy near Oxrd, together with his fellowship. He ntinued in his college till he was alified by his years of refidence for e degree of bachelor of divinity, hich he attempted to take in 1641, it was denied his gracet for difting concerning predestination, conary to the King's injunctions. This refufal of his degree he menons in his dedication to his account Mr. Chillingworth; "Do not conive that I fnatch up my pen in an gry mood, that I might vent my ngerous wit, and eafe my overbur ened fpleen. No, no; I have almoft rgot the vifitation at Merton-college, d the denial of my grace, the plunder g of my house, and little library: I how when, and where, and of whom, , demand fatisfaction for all these inries and indignities. I have learned ntum plagas Spartana nobilitate concoere. I have not learned how to under others of goods, or living, and ake myself amends, by force of arms. will not take a living which belonged o any civil, ftudious, learned delinent; unlefs it be the much neglected LOND. Mag. Dec. 1784. * Vide Wood's Ath. Ox. commendam of fome lordly prelate, condemned by the known laws of the land, and the higheft court of the kingdom, for fome offence of the firft magnitude." It is obfervable that he declares himfelf to have almoft forgotten his injuries and indignities, though he recounts them with an appearance of acrimony, which is no proof that the impreflion is much weakened; and infinuates his defign of demanding, at a proper time, fatisfaction for them. Thefe vexations were the confequence rather of the abufe of learning, than the want of it; no one that reads his works can doubt that he was turbulent, obftinate, and petulant, and ready to inftruct his fuperiors when he moft needed information from them. Whatever he believed (and the warmth of his imagination naturally made him precipitate in forming his opinions) he thought himself obliged to profefs; and what he profeffed he was ready to defend, without that modefty which is always prudent, and generally neceffary; and which, though it was not agreeable to Mr. Cheynel's temper, and, therefore, readily condemned by him, is a very useful affociate to truth, and often introduces her by degrees, where fhe never could have forced her way by argument or declamation. A temper of this kind is generally inconvenient and offenfive in any fociety; but in a place of education is leaft to be tolerated; for as authority is neceffary to inftruction, whoever endeavours to deftroy fubordination, by weakening that reverence which is claimed by thofe to whom the guardianfhip of youth is committed by their country, defeats at once the inftitution; and may be juftly driven from a fociety, by which he thinks himself too wife to be governed,and in which he is too young to teach, and too opiniative to learn. This may be readily fuppofed to have been the cafe of Cheynel; and I know not how those can be blamed for cenfuring his conduct, or punishing his difobedience, who had a right to govern him, and who might certainly act with equal fincerity, and with greater knowledge. 3 I + Vide Wood's Hift. Univ. Ox. With With regard to the 'vifitation of Merton College, the account is equally obfcure; vifitors are well known to be generally called to regulate the affairs of colleges, when the members difagree with their head, or with one another; and the temper that Dr. Cheynel difcovers will eafily incline his readers to fufpect, that he could not long live in any place without finding fome occafron for debate; nor debate any queftion without carrying his oppofition to fuch a length as might make a moderator neceflary. Whether this was his conduct at Merton, or whether an appeal to the vifitor's authority was made by him or his adverfaries, or any other member of the college, is not to be known; it appears only, that there was a vifitation; that he fuffered by it, and refented his punishment. He was afterwards prefented to a living of great value near Banbury, where he had fome difpute with Archbithop Laud. Of this difpute I have found no particular account. Calamy only fays, he had a ruffle with Bishop Land, while at his height. Had Cheynel been equal to his adverfary in greatnefs and learning, it had not been eafy to have found either a more proper oppofite; for they were both to the laft degree zealous, aftive, and pertinacious, and would have afforded mankind a fpectacle of refolution and boldnefs not often to be feen. Put the amufement of beholding the ftruggle would hardly have been without danger, as they were too fiery not to have communicated their heat, though it fhould have produced a conflagration of their country. About the year 1641, when the whole nation was engaged in the controverfy about the rights of the church and neceffity of epifcopacy, he declared himself a prefbyterian, and an enemy to bishops, liturgies, ceremonies, and was confidered as one of the most learned and acute of his party; for having fpent much of his life in a college, it cannot be doubted that he had a confiderable knowledge of books, which the vehemence of his temper enabled him often to difplay when a more timorous man would have been filent, though in learning not his inferior. When the war broke out, Mr. Cheynel, in confequence of his principle, declared himfelf for the parliament, and as he appears to have held it as a firft principle, that all great and nout fpirits abhor neutrality, there is no doubt but that he exerted himself to gain profelytes, and to promote the is tereft of that party which he had thought it his duty to efpoufe. The endeavours were fo much regarded i the parliament, that, having taken t covenant, he was nominated one of affembly of the divines who were meet at Westminster for the fettlenes of the new difcipline. This diftinction drew necefirk upon him the hatred of the cavalierand his living being not far di from the King's head-quarters, he r ceived a visit from fome of the tr who, as he affirms, plundered his het and drove him from it. His living which was, I fuppofe, confidered forfeited by his abfence (though he not fuffered to continue upon it s given to a clergyman, of whom he that he would become a ftage b than a pulpit, a cenfure which I neither confute nor admit; becak. have not difcovered who was his fa ceffor. He then retired into Sufiest exercife his miniftry among his fries "in a place where (as he observes) had been little of the power of reti either known or practifed." As no fon can be given why the inhabit of Suffex fhould have lefs knowle or virtue than thofe of other places, may be fufpected that he means nothi more than a place where the pres› terian difcipline or principles had ne been received. We now obferve, t the methodists, where they fcatter the opinions, represent themselves preaching the gofpel to unconverte nations. And enthufiafts of all kin have been inclined to difguife the particular tenets with pompous appe lations, and to imagine themfelves th great inftruments of falvation. Yet must be confeffed that all places are n equally enlightened; that in the m civilized nations there are many corners, which may yet be called barbaross where neither politeness, nor religion nor the common arts of life, have yet |